Context

Ecotones are boundary zones formed where overlap between neighboring ecosystems creates an intermediate ecosystem with unique ecological characteristics. Dynamic ecotones change position along a boundary over time and can be further categorized as either shifting, where the adjacent ecosystems alternatively drive movement of the ecotone but maintain the same relative location over time, or directional, where one system encroaches into the other and the ecotone moves laterally.

Objectives

The purpose of this work was to examine how climate change alters movement dynamics of both directional and shifting ecotones.

Methods

In three ecosystem case studies, we examine the effects of climate change on landscape-scale ecotone movement across the marine, terrestrial, and interfacing environments.

Results

Shifts in local and global climate drive changes in ecotone patterns, increasing directional ecotone movement at both shifting and directional ecotones. Specifically, unidirectional changes in climate patterns disrupt dynamic equilibria at shifting ecosystem boundaries, thereby facilitating unidirectional movement at the previously shifting boundaries. Climate changes additionally accelerate pre-existing directional migration of ecotones through changes to abiotic gradients.

Conclusion

Directional climate change increases directional movement in multiple types of ecotone. Future work should consider the rate and feedback mechanisms of ecotone movement and function at additional ecotones.

中文翻译：

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气候变化推动景观交错带的定向运动增加

语境

生态带是相邻生态系统之间重叠形成的边界带，形成具有独特生态特征的中间生态系统。动态交错带随着时间的推移沿边界改变位置，可以进一步分类为移动，其中相邻的生态系统交替驱动交错带的运动，但随着时间的推移保持相同的相对位置，或定向，其中一个系统侵入另一个系统和交错带横向移动。

目标

这项工作的目的是研究气候变化如何改变定向和移动交错带的运动动态。

方法

在三个生态系统案例研究中，我们研究了气候变化对跨越海洋、陆地和界面环境的景观尺度交错带运动的影响。

结果

局部和全球气候的变化驱动了交错带模式的变化，增加了移动和定向交错带的定向交错运动。具体而言，气候模式的单向变化破坏了不断变化的生态系统边界处的动态平衡，从而促进了先前变化边界处的单向运动。气候变化还通过非生物梯度的变化加速了先前存在的过渡带的定向迁移。

结论

定向气候变化增加了多种类型的交错带的定向运动。未来的工作应该考虑在额外的交错带上的交错带运动和功能的速率和反馈机制。