Objective

Executive function deficits (EFD) are a central mechanism underlying negative outcomes in ADHD. This study examined awareness of EFD manifested in “real-time” task performance (Online Awareness) and in general self-knowledge of daily activities, outside the context of a specific task (Intellectual Awareness) among adolescents with and without ADHD.

Methods

102 adolescents with (n = 52) and without (n = 50) ADHD were administered Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Parents completed the BRIEF parent version. Awareness was defined using the discrepancy paradigm: performance versus estimation on WCPA for online awareness; self versus parent report on the BRIEF for intellectual awareness.

Results

Adolescents with ADHD overestimated their performance on the WCPA and underestimated their EFD on the BRIEF compared to parent’s ratings. The discrepancy scores in both types of awareness were significantly larger among ADHD than controls (p < .005).

Conclusions

Adolescents with ADHD demonstrate significantly lower rates of online and intellectual awareness of EFD compared to controls.

中文翻译：

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患有和不患有多动症的青少年日常生活中执行功能的在线和智力意识

客观的

执行功能缺陷 (EFD) 是 ADHD 负面结果的核心机制。这项研究检查了在有和没有 ADHD 的青少年的特定任务（智力意识）之外的“实时”任务表现（在线意识）和日常活动的一般自我认知中表现出来的 EFD 意识。

方法

102 名患有 ( n  = 52) 和没有 ( n  = 50) ADHD 的青少年接受了每周日历计划活动 (WCPA) 和执行功能行为评定量表 (BRIEF)。父母完成了简要父母版本。意识是使用差异范式定义的：在线意识的 WCPA 的性能与估计；自我与父母的智力意识简报报告。

结果

与父母的评分相比，患有 ADHD 的青少年高估了他们在 WCPA 上的表现，而低估了他们在 Brief 上的 EFD。ADHD 中两种意识类型的差异评分显着大于对照组 ( p  < .005)。

结论

与对照组相比，患有 ADHD 的青少年对 EFD 的在线和智力意识显着降低。