Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have been shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota of suckling piglets to exert beneficial effects on intestinal function. However, the modulation of intestinal microbiota and intestinal function by GOS in intestinal inflammation injury models has rarely been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of GOS on the colonic mucosal microbiota composition, barrier function and inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-challenged suckling piglets. A total of 18 newborn suckling piglets were divided into three groups, the CON group, the LPS-CON group and the LPS-GOS group. Piglets in the LPS-GOS group were orally fed with 1 g/kg body weight of GOS solution every day. On the d 14, piglets in the LPS-CON and LPS-GOS group were challenged intraperitoneally with LPS solution. All piglets were slaughtered 2 h after intraperitoneal injection and sampled. We found that the colonic mucosa of LPS-challenged piglets was significantly injured and shedding, while the colonic mucosa of the LPS-GOS group piglets maintained its structure. Moreover, GOS significantly reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the LPS-challenged suckling piglets, and significantly increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). GOS significantly increased the relative abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Romboutsia, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella, Campylobacter and Helicobacter in the colonic mucosa of LPS-challenged suckling piglets. In addition, GOS increased the concentrations of acetate, butyrate and total short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colonic digesta of LPS-challenged suckling piglets. GOS significantly reduced the concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and the relative mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) in the LPS-challenged suckling piglets. In addition, GOS significantly reduced the relative mRNA expression of mucin2 (MUC2), and significantly increased the protein expression of Claudin-1 and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in LPS-challenged suckling piglets. These results suggested that GOS can modulate the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota composition and improve the intestinal function of LPS-challenged suckling piglets.

中文翻译：

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低聚半乳糖通过调节脂多糖攻击仔猪的粘膜相关微生物群组成来改善屏障功能并缓解结肠炎症

低聚半乳糖 (GOS) 已被证明可以调节哺乳仔猪的肠道微生物群，从而对肠道功能产生有益影响。然而，在肠道炎症损伤模型中，GOS 对肠道微生物群和肠道功能的调节鲜有报道。在本研究中，我们研究了 GOS 对脂多糖 (LPS) 攻击的乳仔猪结肠粘膜微生物群组成、屏障功能和炎症反应的影响。将18头新生乳猪分为3组，CON组、LPS-CON组和LPS-GOS组。LPS-GOS组仔猪每天口服1g/kg体重的GOS溶液。在第 14 天，LPS-CON 和 LPS-GOS 组的仔猪腹腔注射 LPS 溶液。腹腔注射后2小时宰杀所有仔猪并取样。我们发现LPS攻击仔猪的结肠黏膜明显受损和脱落，而LPS-GOS组仔猪的结肠黏膜保持其结构。此外，GOS显着降低LPS攻击乳仔猪丙二醛（MDA）浓度和活性氧（ROS）活性，显着提高总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）活性。GOS显着增加了LPS攻击的乳仔猪结肠粘膜中norank_f__Muribaculaceae和Romboutsia的相对丰度，并显着降低了Alloprevotella、Campylobacter和Helicobacter的相对丰度。此外，GOS 增加了醋酸盐的浓度，LPS 攻击的乳仔猪结肠消化物中的丁酸盐和总短链脂肪酸 (SCFA)。GOS显着降低白介素1β（IL-1β）、白介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和分化簇14（CD14）的浓度，以及Toll-like的相对mRNA表达LPS 攻击的乳仔猪中的受体 4 (TLR4) 和髓细胞分化初级反应 88 (MyD88)。此外，GOS显着降低了LPS攻击的乳仔猪粘蛋白2（MUC2）的相对mRNA表达，并显着增加了Claudin-1和闭合小带（ZO-1）的蛋白表达。这些结果表明 GOS 可以调节结肠黏膜相关微生物群的组成并改善 LPS 攻击的乳仔猪的肠道功能。