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Different stress from parasites and mate choice in two female morphs of the blue-tailed damselfly
Evolutionary Ecology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10130-z
Erica Subrero 1 , Irene Pellegrino 1 , Marco Cucco 1
Affiliation  

In Odonates, female colour polymorphism is common and implies the presence of two or more female types with different colours and behaviours. To explain this phenomenon, several hypotheses have been proposed that consider morph frequency, population density, the presence of parasites, and mating behaviour. We studied the blue-tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans, a species with a blue androchrome morph and two gynochrome morphs (the common green infuscans, and the rare orange rufescens-obsoleta). The size of adult males and females, the presence of parasites, and pairing behaviour between males and the three female morphs was assessed in field conditions throughout the reproductive season in NW Italy. Moreover, growth and emergence success of larvae produced by the different morphs was analyzed in standardized conditions. In the field, males showed a preference for the gynochrome infuscans females, despite a similar frequency of androchrome females. In test conditions, male preference for the infuscans females was also observed. Paired males and paired androchrome females were larger than unpaired individuals, while there were no differences in size between paired and unpaired infuscans females. Males and androchrome females were more parasitized than infuscans females. The survival and emergence success of larvae produced by androchrome females was higher than those of offspring produced by the infuscans females. Our results suggest that a higher survival of progeny at the larval stage could counterbalance the higher parasitism and the lower pairing success of andromorph adult females and highlight the importance of considering the whole life-cycle in polymorphism studies.



中文翻译:

两种蓝尾豆娘雌性变种中寄生虫和配偶选择的不同压力

在 Odonates 中,雌性颜色多态性很常见,这意味着存在两种或多种具有不同颜色和行为的雌性类型。为了解释这种现象,已经提出了几种假设,这些假设考虑了变形频率、种群密度、寄生虫的存在和交配行为。我们研究了蓝尾豆娘Ischnura elegans,一种具有蓝色雄花色变种和两种雌雄花色变种(常见的绿色infuscans和罕见的橙色rufescens-obsoleta )的物种)。成年雄性和雌性的大小、寄生虫的存在以及雄性和三个雌性变种之间的配对行为在意大利西北部整个生殖季节的田间条件下进行了评估。此外,在标准化条件下分析了由不同形态产生的幼虫的生长和出苗成功率。在该领域,尽管雄性雌性的频率相似,但雄性表现出对雌雄同体雌性的偏爱。在测试条件下,还观察到男性对infuscans女性的偏好。成对的雄性和成对的雄性雌性比未配对的个体大,而配对和未配对的infuscans之间的大小没有差异女性。雄性和雄性雌性比infuscans雌性更容易寄生。通过androchrome雌性产生幼虫的生存和成功的出现,明显高于后代所生产更高infuscans女性。我们的结果表明,在幼虫阶段较高的后代存活率可以抵消雄性成年雌性较高的寄生性和较低的配对成功率,并强调了在多态性研究中考虑整个生命周期的重要性。

更新日期:2021-08-11
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