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Circular RNAs in kidney disease and cancer
Nature Reviews Nephrology ( IF 41.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-11 , DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00465-9
Anton Jan van Zonneveld 1 , Malte Kölling 2 , Roel Bijkerk 1 , Johan M Lorenzen 2
Affiliation  

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed regulatory RNAs with a single-stranded circular structure. They are generated by back splicing and their expression can be tightly regulated by RNA binding proteins. Cytoplasmic circRNAs can function as molecular sponges that inhibit microRNA–target interactions and protein function or as templates for the efficient generation of peptides via rolling circle amplification. They can also act as molecular scaffolds that enhance the reaction kinetics of enzyme–substrate interactions. In the nucleus, circRNAs might facilitate chromatin modifications and promote gene expression. CircRNAs are resistant to degradation and can be packaged in extracellular vesicles and transported in the circulation. Initial studies suggest that circRNAs have roles in kidney disease and associated cardiovascular complications. They have been implicated in hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, glomerular disease, acute kidney injury and kidney allograft rejection, as well as in microvascular and macrovascular complications of chronic kidney disease, including atherosclerotic vascular disease. In addition, several circRNAs have been reported to have oncogenic or tumour suppressor roles or to regulate drug resistance in kidney cancer. The available data suggest that circRNAs could be promising diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and kidney cancer.



中文翻译:

肾脏疾病和癌症中的环状 RNA

环状RNA(circRNAs)是一类内源性表达的具有单链环状结构的调控RNA。它们是通过反向剪接产生的,它们的表达可以受到 RNA 结合蛋白的严格调控。细胞质 circRNA 可以作为抑制 microRNA-靶标相互作用和蛋白质功能的分子海绵,或作为通过滚环扩增有效生成肽的模板。它们还可以作为分子支架,增强酶-底物相互作用的反应动力学。在细胞核中,circRNAs 可能促进染色质修饰并促进基因表达。CircRNA 具有抗降解性,可以包装在细胞外囊泡中并在循环中运输。初步研究表明,circRNA 在肾脏疾病和相关的心血管并发症中起作用。它们与高血压肾病、糖尿病肾病、肾小球疾病、急性肾损伤和同种异体肾移植排斥,以及慢性肾病(包括动脉粥样硬化性血管病)的微血管和大血管并发症有关。此外,据报道,几种 circRNA 在肾癌中具有致癌或肿瘤抑制作用或调节耐药性。现有数据表明,circRNA 可能是有前途的诊断和/或预后生物标志物以及肾病、心血管疾病和肾癌的潜在治疗靶点。急性肾损伤和同种异体肾移植排斥反应,以及慢性肾病的微血管和大血管并发症,包括动脉粥样硬化性血管疾病。此外,据报道,几种 circRNA 在肾癌中具有致癌或肿瘤抑制作用或调节耐药性。现有数据表明,circRNA 可能是有前途的诊断和/或预后生物标志物以及肾病、心血管疾病和肾癌的潜在治疗靶点。急性肾损伤和同种异体肾移植排斥反应,以及慢性肾病的微血管和大血管并发症,包括动脉粥样硬化性血管疾病。此外,据报道,几种 circRNA 在肾癌中具有致癌或肿瘤抑制作用或调节耐药性。现有数据表明,circRNA 可能是有前途的诊断和/或预后生物标志物以及肾病、心血管疾病和肾癌的潜在治疗靶点。

更新日期:2021-08-11
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