As the direct contacting site for pathogens and allergens, the mucosal barrier plays a vital role in the lungs and intestines. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are particularly resident in the mucosal barrier and participate in several pathophysiological processes, such as maintaining or disrupting barrier integrity, preventing various pathogenic invasions. In the pulmonary mucosae, ILCs sometimes aggravate inflammation and mucus hypersecretion but restore airway epithelial integrity and maintain lung tissue homeostasis at other times. In the intestinal mucosae, ILCs can increase epithelial permeability, leading to severe intestinal inflammation on the one hand, and assist mucosal barrier in resisting bacterial invasion on the other hand. In this review, we will illustrate the positive and negative roles of ILCs in mucosal barrier immunity.

中文翻译：

---

先天淋巴细胞是黏膜屏障下的双刃剑

作为病原体和过敏原的直接接触部位，粘膜屏障在肺和肠道中起着至关重要的作用。先天淋巴细胞 (ILC) 特别驻留在粘膜屏障中，并参与多种病理生理过程，例如维持或破坏屏障完整性，防止各种病原体入侵。在肺黏膜中，ILC 有时会加重炎症和粘液分泌过多，但有时会恢复气道上皮完整性并维持肺组织稳态。在肠黏膜中，ILCs可以增加上皮通透性，一方面导致严重的肠道炎症，另一方面帮助黏膜屏障抵抗细菌入侵。在这篇综述中，我们将说明 ILC 在黏膜屏障免疫中的积极和消极作用。