Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the model of an financial intelligence unit (FIU) and the availability of resources of an FIU on the strength of the anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) legal framework and the overall effectiveness of the AML/CFT regime.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use FIU specific characteristics to measure the impact on the developed AML/CFT Compliance Index (Jayasekara, 2020a) and AML/CFT Effectiveness Index (Jayasekara, 2020b) in measuring the overall effectiveness of an AML/CFT regime. In addition, the impact of an AML/CFT regime on the cost to exports and gross domestic product are modeled.

Findings

The empirical results suggest that the model of an FIU is an important determinant of an effective AML/CFT regime. The administrative model of FIU shows a negative relationship with the overall effectiveness of the AML/CFT regime. The availability of resources which was measured in terms of human resources at FIUs shows a significant positive relationship with the effectiveness. However, the model of an FIU and the availability of resources of an FIU are not significant determinants of a sound AML/CFT legal framework. The results further reveal that effective AML/CFT regimes promote economic growth and also international trade by reducing the cost of exports. Therefore, policymakers are required to reassess the administrative model FIU of the country and have to adopt a suitable model which has been assigned more power to implement the regime.

Practical implications

This study was initially designed to capture more FIU specific variables using a questionnaire to widen the scope of the study. However, the low response rate to the questionnaire forced us to rely on publicly available data on FIU characteristics. Therefore, appropriate FIU specific variables may be developed in future research based on this foundation.

Originality/value

This paper is an original work done by the author that discusses the FIU specific characteristics on the overall strength and effectiveness of AML/CFT regimes and further extends the use of originally designed AML/CFT Compliance Index and AML/CFT Effectiveness Index.

中文翻译：

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金融情报机构的管理模式：反洗钱/打击资助恐怖主义制度的有效性分析

目的

本文的目的是研究金融情报机构 (FIU) 的模式和金融情报机构的资源可用性对反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义 (AML/CFT) 法律的影响。 AML/CFT 制度的框架和整体有效性。

设计/方法/方法

作者使用 FIU 的特定特征来衡量对已制定的 AML/CFT 合规指数 (Jayasekara, 2020a) 和 AML/CFT 有效性指数 (Jayasekara, 2020b) 的影响，以衡量 AML/CFT 制度的整体有效性。此外，还模拟了 AML/CFT 制度对出口成本和国内生产总值的影响。

发现

实证结果表明，FIU 模型是有效的 AML/CFT 制度的重要决定因素。FIU 的管理模式与 AML/CFT 制度的整体有效性呈负相关。以金融情报机构的人力资源衡量的资源可用性与有效性存在显着的正相关关系。然而，FIU 的模式和 FIU 的资源可用性并不是健全的 AML/CFT 法律框架的重要决定因素。结果进一步表明，有效的 AML/CFT 制度通过降低出口成本来促进经济增长和国际贸易。因此，政策制定者需要重新评估该国的金融情报机构的行政模式，并必须采用一种适当的模式，该模式已被赋予更多的权力来实施该制度。

实际影响

这项研究最初旨在使用问卷调查更多的金融情报机构特定变量，以扩大研究范围。然而，对问卷的低响应率迫使我们依赖公开可用的关于金融情报机构特征的数据。因此，可以在此基础上在未来的研究中开发适当的 FIU 特定变量。

原创性/价值

本文是作者的原创作品，讨论了 FIU 关于 AML/CFT 制度的整体实力和有效性的具体特征，并进一步扩展了最初设计的 AML/CFT 合规指数和 AML/CFT 有效性指数的使用。