Coaching individuals on test-taking strategies presents legal and ethical concerns and threatens the validity of psychological test score interpretations, which could lead to inaccuracies in clinical settings and injustices within the legal system. This meta-analysis examined the impact of coaching on the detection of symptom exaggeration or feigning on the MMPI-2. A total of 99 feigning studies (N = 19,536) comparing validity subscale scores between genuine and nongenuine (coached or non-coached) responders were analyzed. Potential moderating effects of control group, type of symptoms, publication status, financial incentive, and non-content validity screening were also examined regarding their impact on the effectiveness of coaching. Findings suggested that detection-based coaching (i.e., coaching regarding the presence of validity scales and detection avoidance strategies within the MMPI-2) improved individuals' ability to elude detection by the MMPI-2 validity scales. Nonetheless, the MMPI-2 validity scales still generated moderate to very large effect sizes in detecting symptom exaggeration or feigning even in the context of coaching (range g = .89 to 1.95). The findings provide reassurance for detection efforts, indicating that while the effectiveness of the MMPI-2 is somewhat diminished, it remains useful in detecting non-genuine responders even in the context of coaching. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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教练对假装精神病和医学症状的影响：使用 MMPI-2 的荟萃分析。

指导个人应试策略存在法律和道德问题，并威胁到心理测试分数解释的有效性，这可能导致临床环境中的不准确和法律体系内的不公正。这项荟萃分析检查了教练对 MMPI-2 症状夸大或假装检测的影响。共分析了 99 项伪造研究（N = 19,536），比较了真实和非真实（受过辅导或未受过辅导）响应者之间的有效性分量表分数。还检查了对照组、症状类型、出版状态、经济激励和非内容有效性筛选的潜在调节作用对指导有效性的影响。调查结果表明，基于检测的指导（即，MMPI-2 中有效性量表的存在和检测回避策略的指导）提高了个人逃避 MMPI-2 有效性量表检测的能力。尽管如此，MMPI-2 效度量表在检测症状夸大或假装方面仍然产生中等至非常大的效果，即使在指导的情况下（范围 g = 0.89 至 1.95）。这些发现为检测工作提供了保证，表明虽然 MMPI-2 的有效性有所降低，但即使在指导的情况下，它在检测非真正响应者方面仍然有用。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。即使在指导的情况下，MMPI-2 有效性量表在检测症状夸大或假装方面仍会产生中等至非常大的效应量（范围 g = 0.89 至 1.95）。这些发现为检测工作提供了保证，表明虽然 MMPI-2 的有效性有所降低，但即使在指导的情况下，它在检测非真正响应者方面仍然有用。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。即使在指导的情况下，MMPI-2 有效性量表在检测症状夸大或假装方面仍会产生中等至非常大的效应量（范围 g = 0.89 至 1.95）。这些发现为检测工作提供了保证，表明虽然 MMPI-2 的有效性有所降低，但即使在指导的情况下，它在检测非真正响应者方面仍然有用。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。