High strength magnetic and electric fields used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) render images with unmatched soft tissue contrast. These imaging attributes have made MRI an increasingly preferred diagnostic tool in many medical conditions. Initially there was substantial concern regarding the safety of performing these imaging studies in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), which have the potential to be affected by the intense electric and magnetic fields of the MRI. More recently, there has been increasing evidence that MRI can be performed safely in patients with devices that have not been specifically labelled by regulatory agencies for use in an MRI environment (MRI nonconditional devices), which has allowed the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to start providing reimbursement for MRIs of patients with MRI nonconditional devices. For CMS to reimburse scans, a rigorous protocol must be followed, which recognizes that there are still potential adverse effects that can be mitigated by appropriate procedures. In this review we will survey the initial experiences and efforts to understand the magnitude of risk for device malfunction and harm, as well as current efforts to minimize the potential risks of MRI effects on devices and leads (heating, device movement, lead dislodgement, and device malfunction, the latter including inhibition of pacing and generation of arrhythmias).

磁共振成像 (MRI) 中使用的高强度磁场和电场使图像具有无与伦比的软组织对比度。这些成像属性使 MRI 在许多医疗条件下成为越来越受欢迎的诊断工具。最初，人们非常担心在心脏植入式电子设备 (CIED) 患者中进行这些成像研究的安全性，这些设备可能会受到 MRI 的强电场和磁场的影响。最近，越来越多的证据表明 MRI 可以在患者身上安全地进行，这些设备没有被监管机构专门标记为可用于 MRI 环境（MRI 无条件设备），这使得医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心 (CMS) 开始为使用 MRI 无条件设备的患者的 MRI 提供报销。对于 CMS 报销扫描，必须遵循严格的协议，该协议认识到仍然存在可以通过适当程序减轻的潜在不利影响。在本次审查中，我们将调查了解设备故障和伤害风险程度的初步经验和努力，以及当前为最大限度地降低 MRI 对设备和导线的影响的潜在风险（加热、设备移动、导线移位和设备故障，后者包括起搏抑制和心律失常产生）。它承认仍然存在可以通过适当程序减轻的潜在不利影响。在本次审查中，我们将调查了解设备故障和伤害风险程度的初步经验和努力，以及当前为最大限度地降低 MRI 对设备和导线的影响的潜在风险（加热、设备移动、导线移位和设备故障，后者包括起搏抑制和心律失常产生）。它承认仍然存在可以通过适当程序减轻的潜在不利影响。在本次审查中，我们将调查了解设备故障和伤害风险程度的初步经验和努力，以及当前为最大限度地降低 MRI 对设备和导线的影响的潜在风险（加热、设备移动、导线移位和设备故障，后者包括起搏抑制和心律失常产生）。