Harassment toward others happens in many contexts with a myriad of negative impacts on victims, witnesses, and society. Although preventing harassment of others is ideal, it is also important to consider how bystanders may react in ways to defend the victim and reduce the harassment. Bystanders differ in their reactions to these events and the goal of this investigation is to better understand individual differences in college students’ reported tendency to defend victims of harassment. We proposed a mediation model where higher rates of helicopter parenting would predict lower empathic concern and greater personal distress. In turn, lower empathic concern and greater personal distress would predict lower likelihood of defending the victim. College students (n = 305) completed self-report measures of helicopter parenting, empathic concern, personal distress, and bystander intervention to general harassment. Using the Hayes PROCESS program, we found the relation of helicopter parenting to bystander intervention was mediated by empathic concern, such that helicopter parenting predicted lower empathic concern, which predicted lower likelihood of intervening. Helicopter parenting predicted greater personal distress, but personal distress did not predict bystander intervention. In an exploratory analysis, we tested a moderated mediation model in which personal distress moderated the relation of empathic concern to bystander intervention. The moderated mediation model was statistically significant; for students with low to moderate personal distress, empathic concern predicted self-reported intervention. However, for students high in personal distress, empathic concern was not related to self-reported intervention. The current study explained a small amount of the variance in bystander intervention. These findings demonstrate the complex family and personal factors that may explain, to a small degree, individual differences in bystander intervention. Further studies should consider the complex contextual variables that may influence this relationship.

对他人的骚扰在许多情况下都会发生，对受害者、证人和社会产生无数负面影响。虽然防止骚扰他人是理想的，但考虑旁观者如何以保护受害者和减少骚扰的方式做出反应也很重要。旁观者对这些事件的反应各不相同，本次调查的目的是更好地了解大学生在为骚扰受害者辩护的倾向中的个体差异。我们提出了一个中介模型，在该模型中，直升机式育儿率越高，预示着移情关注越低，个人痛苦越大。反过来，较低的移情关注和较大的个人痛苦将预示着为受害者辩护的可能性较低。大学生（n= 305) 完成了直升机育儿、移情关注、个人痛苦和旁观者对一般性骚扰干预的自我报告措施。使用 Hayes PROCESS 程序，我们发现直升机式育儿与旁观者干预的关系是由移情关注介导的，因此直升机式育儿预测较低的移情关注，从而预测干预的可能性较低。直升机式育儿预示着更大的个人痛苦，但个人痛苦并不能预测旁观者的干预。在探索性分析中，我们测试了一个有调节的中介模型，其中个人痛苦调节了移情关注与旁观者干预的关系。有调节的中介模型具有统计学意义；对于具有低到中度个人痛苦的学生，移情关注预示着自我报告的干预。然而，对于个人痛苦程度高的学生，移情关注与自我报告的干预无关。目前的研究解释了旁观者干预的少量差异。这些发现表明，复杂的家庭和个人因素可以在一定程度上解释旁观者干预的个体差异。进一步的研究应考虑可能影响这种关系的复杂背景变量。