The emergence of metasurfaces provides a novel strategy to tailor the electromagnetic response of electromagnetic waves in a controlled manner by judicious design of the constitutive meta-atom. However, passive metasurfaces tend to perform a specific or limited number of functionalities and suffer from narrow-frequency-band operation. Reported reconfigurable metasurfaces can generally be controlled only in a 1D configuration or use p-i-n diodes to show binary phase states. Here, a 2D reconfigurable reflective metasurface with individually addressable meta-atoms enabling a continuous phase control is proposed in the microwave regime. The response of the meta-atom is flexibly controlled by changing the bias voltage applied to the embedded varactor diode through an elaborated power supply system. By assigning appropriate phase profiles to the metasurface through voltage modulation, complex beam generation, including Bessel beams, vortex beams, and Airy beams, is fulfilled to demonstrate the accurate phase-control capability of the reconfigurable metasurface. Both simulations and measurements are performed as a proof of concept and show good agreement. The proposed design paves the way toward the achievement of real-time and programmable multifunctional meta-devices, with enormous potential for microwave applications such as wireless communication, electromagnetic imaging, and smart antennas.

中文翻译：

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用于电磁波定制的多功能超表面平台

超表面的出现提供了一种新颖的策略，可以通过本构超原子的明智设计以可控方式定制电磁波的电磁响应。然而，无源超表面往往执行特定或有限数量的功能，并受到窄频带操作的影响。报告的可重构超表面通常只能在一维配置中控制或使用 pin 二极管来显示二元相位状态。在这里，在微波领域提出了一种具有可单独寻址的超原子的 2D 可重构反射超表面，可实现连续相位控制。通过精心设计的电源系统改变施加到嵌入式变容二极管的偏置电压，可以灵活地控制元原子的响应。通过电压调制为超表面分配适当的相位分布，实现了复杂的光束生成，包括贝塞尔光束、涡旋光束和艾里光束，以证明可重构超表面的精确相位控制能力。模拟和测量都是作为概念证明进行的，并且表现出良好的一致性。所提出的设计为实现实时和可编程的多功能元设备铺平了道路，在无线通信、电磁成像和智能天线等微波应用中具有巨大的潜力。模拟和测量都是作为概念证明进行的，并且表现出良好的一致性。所提出的设计为实现实时和可编程的多功能元设备铺平了道路，在无线通信、电磁成像和智能天线等微波应用中具有巨大的潜力。模拟和测量都是作为概念证明进行的，并且表现出良好的一致性。所提出的设计为实现实时和可编程的多功能元设备铺平了道路，在无线通信、电磁成像和智能天线等微波应用中具有巨大的潜力。