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Phosphatic carapace of the waptiid arthropod Chuandianella ovata and biomineralization of ecdysozoans
Palaeontology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-09 , DOI: 10.1111/pala.12570
Cong Liu 1 , Dongjing Fu 1 , Xingliang Zhang 1, 2
Affiliation  

Arthropods other than trilobites or bradoriids constitute a major component of many Cambrian Burgess-Shale-type Lagerstätten. Owing to their scarcity in other less well-preserved deposits, they are generally regarded as lightly sclerotized but non-mineralized. Here we show that Chuandianella ovata, one of the typical lightly sclerotized arthropods from the Chengjiang biota, reinforced its carapace with phosphatic mineralization. Multiple methods reveal a pitted microstructure and organophosphatic composition of the carapace. Nanogranules of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) on the fossil carapace are comparable to those of recent crustacean microstructures, implying that arthropods may have a conserved mechanism of phosphatic mineralization since the Cambrian. The fossil record indicates that the mineralization of ecdysozoans, preceded by the mineralization of lophotrochozoans in the Terreneuvian (~541–521 Ma), appeared in Cambrian Stage 3 (~521–514 Ma) and surpassed the range of living counterparts in phylogenetic coverage. This phenomenon strengthens the view that biomineralization has evolved multiple times independently within the Metazoa. The sudden appearance of mineralized skeletons in the early history of metazoan evolution is frequently attributed to external environment drivers. However, this viewpoint cannot explain the minerology and appearance time of metazoan lineages with mineralized hard parts during the Cambrian explosion.

中文翻译:

waptiid节肢动物Chuandianella ovata的磷酸盐甲壳和蜕皮动物的生物矿化

除三叶虫或短尾动物外,节肢动物是许多寒武纪伯吉斯-页岩型拉格斯塔滕的主要组成部分。由于它们在其他保存较差的矿床中稀缺,它们通常被认为是轻度硬化但未矿化。在这里,我们展示了卵川点菌是澄江生物群中典型的轻度硬化节肢动物之一,通过磷酸盐矿化增强了其甲壳。多种方法揭示了甲壳的凹坑微观结构和有机磷成分。化石甲壳上的无定形磷酸钙 (ACP) 纳米颗粒与最近的甲壳类微结构相当,这意味着节肢动物可能具有自寒武纪以来保存的磷酸盐矿化机制。化石记录表明,蜕皮动物的矿化,先于土生动物(~541-521 Ma)的 lophotrochozoans 的矿化,出现在寒武纪第 3 阶段(~521-514 Ma),并且在系统发育覆盖范围上超过了活体对应物的范围。这种现象强化了生物矿化在后生动物内独立进化多次的观点。在后生动物进化的早期历史中,矿化骨骼的突然出现通常归因于外部环境驱动因素。然而,这一观点并不能解释寒武纪爆发期间具有矿化硬质部分的后生动物谱系的矿物学和出现时间。
更新日期:2021-08-09
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