The rich body of physical theories defines the foundation of our understanding of the world. Its mathematical formulation is based on classical Aristotelian (binary) logic. In the philosophy of science the ambiguities, paradoxes, and the possibility of subjective interpretations of facts have challenged binary logic, leading, among other developments, to Gotthard Günther’s theory of polycontexturality (often also termed ’transclassical logic’). Günther’s theory explains how observers with subjective perception can become aware of their own subjectivity and provides means to describe contradicting or even paradox observations in a logically sound formalism. Here we summarize the formalism behind Günther’s theory and apply it to two well-known examples from physics where different observers operate in distinct and only locally valid logical systems. Using polycontextural logic we show how the emerging awareness of these limitations of logical systems entails the design of mathematical transformations, which then become an integral part of the theory. In our view, this approach offers a novel perspective on the structure of physical theories and, at the same time, emphasizes the relevance of the theory of polycontexturality in modern sciences.

丰富的物理理论定义了我们理解世界的基础。它的数学公式基于经典的亚里士多德（二进制）逻辑。在科学哲学中，歧义、悖论和对事实主观解释的可能性挑战了二元逻辑，导致哥达·冈特的多语境理论（通常也称为“超经典逻辑”）等发展。Günther 的理论解释了具有主观感知的观察者如何意识到他们自己的主观性，并提供了以逻辑上合理的形式主义来描述矛盾甚至悖论的观察结果的方法。在这里，我们总结了 Günther 理论背后的形式主义，并将其应用于物理学中两个著名的例子，其中不同的观察者在不同且仅局部有效的逻辑系统中运行。使用多上下文逻辑，我们展示了对逻辑系统的这些局限性的新兴意识如何需要数学变换的设计，然后成为理论的一个组成部分。在我们看来，这种方法为物理理论的结构提供了一个新的视角，同时强调了多语境理论在现代科学中的相关性。