Baripus is a ground beetle genus endemic to southern South America, currently distributed across grassland and shrub habitats in mountain and lowland regions. The species of this genus are known to have been affected by the Andean orogeny and the climate changes that occurred during this process. In this study, we seek to understand how the orogeny of the Andes may have led to changes in the climatic niches of the species of Baripus over time. We integrated former ecological and historical biogeographic hypotheses, exploring the use of parsimony optimization of phylogenetically structured climate variables and ancestral character state reconstruction methods. We then performed regression analyses of the optimized climatic niche variables within the phylogenetic tree of Baripus. We were able to infer significant climatic niche constraints, and niche changes that provide new insights to the existing knowledge, supporting former ecological and biogeographic hypotheses for this genus. Such trends in climatic niche could be explained by the rain shadow effect caused by the Andean uplift as well as with other climate shifts associated with temperature and precipitation swings that occurred in this region from the Middle Miocene to the Pliocene.

中文翻译：

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探索气候生态位变化在南美南部属（鞘翅目：Carabidae）进化中的作用：非遗传气候变量和系统发育信号测量的优化

Baripus是南美洲南部特有的地甲虫属，目前分布于山区和低地地区的草原和灌木栖息地。已知该属的物种受到安第斯造山运动和在此过程中发生的气候变化的影响。在这项研究中，我们试图了解安第斯山脉的造山运动如何导致Baripus物种的气候生态位随时间发生变化。我们整合了以前的生态和历史生物地理假设，探索使用系统发育结构气候变量的简约优化和祖先特征状态重建方法。然后，我们对Baripus的系统发育树中优化的气候生态位变量进行了回归分析. 我们能够推断出显着的气候生态位限制和生态位变化，这些变化为现有知识提供了新的见解，支持了该属以前的生态和生物地理假设。气候生态位的这种趋势可以用安第斯隆起引起的雨影效应以及与从中中新世到上新世该地区发生的温度和降水波动相关的其他气候变化来解释。