The occurrence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) in natural hot springs is considered a public health concern. FLAs are known to cause serious health outcomes to a wide spectrum of mammalian hosts. The present study aimed to provide the distribution of isolated cases of FLAs in hot springs through a systematic review process of available published articles online. Relevant studies are published between January 2010 and January 2020 involving the isolation of Naegleria spp., Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia spp., Sappinia spp., and Vermamoeba spp. in natural hot springs in the United States, South America, North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Articles were identified through a search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Out of 94 articles screened, a total of 20 articles are included in the study with consideration of established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common FLAs isolated in hot springs are Acanthamoeba spp. (134; 48.5%) and Naegleria spp. (127; 46.0%). Other FLAs isolated in hot springs include Balamuthia spp. (2; 0.7%) and Vermamoeba spp. (13; 4.7%). FLA in hot springs used for recreational and medical purposes is a potential source of infection. It is recommended that strict surveillance and maintenance of hot springs be implemented to prevent potential future infection.

天然温泉中潜在致病的自由生活阿米巴 (FLA) 的发生被认为是一个公共卫生问题。众所周知，FLAs 会对多种哺乳动物宿主造成严重的健康后果。本研究旨在通过对在线已发表文章的系统审查过程，提供温泉中 FLA 孤立病例的分布情况。相关研究发表于 2010 年 1 月至 2020 年 1 月期间，涉及分离奈格勒氏菌属、棘阿米巴属、巴拉木氏菌属、刺槐属和蠕虫属属 在美国、南美洲、北美洲、欧洲、亚洲和非洲的天然温泉中。通过搜索 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库来识别文章。在筛选的 94 篇文章中，考虑到既定的纳入和排除标准，共有 20 篇文章被纳入研究。温泉中最常见的 FLA 是棘阿米巴属。(134; 48.5%) 和Naegleria spp。(127；46.0%)。在温泉中分离出的其他 FLA 包括Balamuthia spp。(2; 0.7%) 和Vermamoeba属 (13; 4.7%)。用于娱乐和医疗目的的温泉中的 FLA 是潜在的感染源。建议对温泉进行严格的监控和维护，以防止未来可能发生的感染。