Background

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone predominantly produced by the stomach. It exerts a wide range of functions including stimulating growth hormone release and regulating appetite, food intake, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Since physical exercise affects all these aspects, a particular interest is accorded to the relationship between ghrelin and exercise. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current available data on the topic for a better understanding of the relationship.

Methods

An extensive computerized search was performed in the PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases for retrieving relevant articles. The search contained the following keywords: ghrelin, appetite-related peptides, gastrointestinal peptides, gastrointestinal hormones, exercise, acute exercise, chronic exercise, training, and physical activity. Studies investigating the effects of acute/chronic exercise on circulating forms of ghrelin were included.

Results

The initial search identified 840 articles. After screening, 80 articles were included. Despite a heterogeneity of studies and a variability of the findings, the review suggests that acute exercise suppresses acyl ghrelin production regardless of the participants and the exercise characteristics. Long- and very long-term exercise training programs mostly resulted in increased total and des-acyl ghrelin production. The increase is more noticeable in overweight/obese individuals, and is most likely due to weight loss resulting from the training program.

Conclusion

The review suggests that exercise may impact ghrelin production. While the precise mechanisms are unclear, the effects are likely due to blood flow redistribution and weight loss for acute and chronic exercise, respectively. These changes are expected to be metabolically beneficial. Further research is needed for a better understanding of the relationship between ghrelin and exercise.

中文翻译：

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Ghrelin 对急性和慢性运动的反应：文献系统回顾的见解和启示

背景

Ghrelin 是一种主要由胃产生的肽激素。它具有广泛的功能，包括刺激生长激素的释放和调节食欲、食物摄入以及糖脂代谢。由于体育锻炼影响所有这些方面，因此特别关注生长素释放肽与锻炼之间的关系。该系统评价旨在总结有关该主题的当前可用数据，以便更好地理解这种关系。

方法

在 PubMed 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库中进行了广泛的计算机搜索，以检索相关文章。搜索包含以下关键词：生长素释放肽、食欲相关肽、胃肠肽、胃肠激素、运动、急性运动、慢性运动、训练和身体活动。包括调查急性/慢性运动对生长素释放肽循环形式影响的研究。

结果

最初的搜索确定了 840 篇文章。经过筛选，共纳入 80 篇文章。尽管研究的异质性和研究结果的可变性，但该评价表明，无论参与者和运动特征如何，急性运动都会抑制酰基生长素释放肽的产生。长期和非常长期的运动训练计划主要导致总和去酰基生长素释放肽的产生增加。这种增加在超重/肥胖个体中更为明显，并且很可能是由于训练计划导致的体重减轻。

结论

审查表明，锻炼可能会影响生长素释放肽的产生。虽然确切的机制尚不清楚，但其影响可能分别是由于急性和慢性运动的血流重新分配和体重减轻。预计这些变化对代谢有益。需要进一步的研究来更好地理解生长素释放肽和运动之间的关系。