Hydrogen storage for onboard applications has been recognized as a grand challenge for the large-scale implementation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Tremendous research efforts have thus been devoted to the design and development of hydrides of lightweight elements (HLEs). A prominent feature of these materials is the indispensable ingredient of alkali/alkaline earth cations. Alkali alkaline earth metals (AMs) are highly reactive and have a rich coordination chemistry. As a matter of fact, an AM cation can form a complete range of compounds with hydrogenous anions, such as H^–, [NH₂]⁻, [BH₄]⁻, [AlH₄]⁻, [NH₂BH₃]⁻, [TMH_X]⁻, [R-CH₂–NH]⁻, [R-CH₂–O]⁻, etc., and, thus, tune the Al–H, N–H, B–H, and C–H bond strengths for hydrogen storage.

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碱金属/碱土金属在储氢材料设计和开发中的作用

车载应用的储氢已被公认为大规模实施氢燃料电池汽车的巨大挑战。因此，大量的研究工作致力于轻质元素氢化物 (HLE) 的设计和开发。这些材料的一个突出特点是碱/碱土金属阳离子的不可缺少的成分。碱土金属 (AM) 具有高反应性并具有丰富的配位化学。事实上，AM阳离子可以与氢阴离子形成一系列完整的化合物，例如H ^–、[NH ₂ ] ^-、[BH ₄ ] ^-、[AlH ₄ ] ^-、[NH ₂ BH _{3 ]}] ^- , [TMH _X ] ^- , [R-CH ₂ -NH] ^- , [R-CH ₂ -O] ^-等, 从而调整 Al-H, N-H, B-H,和用于储氢的 C-H 键强度。