With globalization and increased competitiveness in the steel market, industries are required to produce quality steel at a reasonable cost. This necessitates the introduction of either new manufacturing techniques, or to improve quality and yield with the existing processes. It is well established that slags entrapped by the vortexing phenomenon during steelmaking processes are responsible for causing quality issues and lowering the yield of steel produced. Measures are taken to end teeming from tundish before initiation of vortexing to prevent slag entrainment. This premature end of teeming is an inevitable yield loss that needs to be minimized. The present work aims to increase the efficiency of the steelmaking process by control techniques for minimizing tundish slag entrainment during tundish teeming. Experimental and mathematical simulations with different tundish configurations have been carried out to analyze the initiation of slag vortexing. The mathematical simulation uses multiphase models with a steel–slag–air system while the physical simulation uses a water–paraffin oil system to replicate the steel–slag system. It has been observed that the presence of higher turbulence and a thicker slag layer over liquid steel increases vortex initiation height (H_cr). An empirical correlation between these parameters with H_cr has been developed to optimize the end of teeming and increase process yield.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

---

评估中间包浇注期间防止夹渣的临界涡流高度

随着钢铁市场的全球化和竞争力的增强，各行业需要以合理的成本生产优质钢材。这需要引入新的制造技术，或通过现有工艺提高质量和产量。众所周知，在炼钢过程中被涡旋现象夹带的炉渣是导致质量问题和降低钢产量的原因。采取措施在开始涡旋之前结束中间包的浇注，以防止夹渣。这种过早结束的浇注是不可避免的产量损失，需要尽量减少。目前的工作旨在通过控制技术来减少中间包浇注过程中夹带的中间包渣，从而提高炼钢过程的效率。已经进行了具有不同中间包配置的实验和数学模拟，以分析渣涡旋的开始。数学模拟使用钢-渣-空气系统的多相模型，而物理模拟使用水-石蜡油系统来复制钢-渣系统。已经观察到，在钢水上方存在更高的湍流和更厚的渣层会增加涡流起始高度（H_克）。这些参数与 H _cr之间的经验相关性已被开发出来，以优化浇注结束并提高工艺产量。

图形摘要