Recent reports have highlighted the possible role of the antipsychotic chlorpromazine and the antidepressant fluvoxamine as anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) agents. The objective of this narrative review is to explore what is known about the activity of psychotropic medications against viruses in addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). PubMed was queried for “drug repurposing, antiviral activity,” and for “antiviral activity” with “psychotropic drugs” and individual agents, through November 2020. Of more than 100 psychotropic agents, 37 drugs, including 27 with a history of pediatric use were identified, which had been studied in the preclinical setting and found to have activity against viruses which are human pathogens. Effects were evaluated by type of virus and by category of psychotropic agent. Activity was identified both against viruses known to cause epidemics such as SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola and against those that are the cause of rare disorders such as Human Papillomatosis Virus-related respiratory papillomatosis. Individual drugs and classes of psychotropics often had activity against multiple viruses, with promiscuity explained by shared viral or cellular targets. Safety profiles of psychotropics may be more tolerable in this context than when they are used long-term in the setting of psychiatric illness. Nonetheless, translation of in vitro results to the clinical arena has been slow. Psychotropic medications as a class deserve further study, including in clinical trials for repurposing as antiviral drugs for children and adults.

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重新利用精神药物治疗病毒性疾病：超越 Covid

最近的报告强调了抗精神病药氯丙嗪和抗抑郁药氟伏沙明作为抗冠状病毒病 2019 (COVID-19) 药物的可能作用。这篇叙述性评论的目的是探索除严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 之外，关于精神药物对病毒的活性的已知信息。到 2020 年 11 月，PubMed 被查询“药物再利用、抗病毒活性”和“抗病毒活性”与“精神药物”和个体药剂。在 100 多种精神药物中，37 种药物，包括 27 种有儿科用药史已在临床前环境中进行研究并发现其对人类病原体病毒具有活性。根据病毒类型和精神药物类别评估效果。已鉴定出针对已知会引起流行病的病毒（如 SARS-CoV-2 和埃博拉病毒）以及引起罕见疾病（如人类乳头状瘤病毒相关的呼吸道乳头状瘤病）的病毒的活性。个别药物和各类精神药物通常具有针对多种病毒的活性，通过共享病毒或细胞靶标来解释滥交。在这种情况下，精神药物的安全性可能比在精神疾病环境中长期使用时更容易耐受。尽管如此，将体外结果转化为临床领域的速度很慢。精神药物作为一类值得进一步研究，包括在临床试验中重新用作儿童和成人的抗病毒药物。