We first propose a three-party semi-quantum summation protocol with an almost-dishonest third party (TP) using single photons. TP who has full quantum power helps three classical users compute the summation of their private bit strings while the privacy of their inputs is preserved. For a particle from TP, three users’ operations are limited either to (1) reflect the particle without disturbance back to TP or to (2) measure the particle in the Z basis and resend the measured particle back to TP. We also show that our protocol is secure against both outside and participant attacks.

中文翻译：

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使用单光子安全的三方半量子求和

我们首先提出了一个使用单光子的几乎不诚实的第三方（TP）的三方半量子求和协议。拥有完整量子能力的 TP 帮助三个经典用户计算他们的私有位串的总和，同时保留了他们输入的隐私。对于来自 TP 的粒子，三个用户的操作仅限于 (1) 将粒子不受干扰地反射回 TP 或 (2) 在Z基中测量粒子并将测量的粒子重新发送回 TP。我们还表明，我们的协议对于外部攻击和参与者攻击都是安全的。