Intestinal flora changes were found in patients and animals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, few studies have provided any explicit clues of changes in highly disease related commensal microbiota before disease onset and their relationships with disordered peripheral immune cells. We conducted 16S rRNA microbiota analysis of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice from weaning to diabetes onset to identify highly disease related microbes and performed Spearman correlation analysis between anomalous flora and peripheral immune cells. We found NOD mice had increased exclusive bacteria and decreased community richness or diversity, besides, with the features of decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes and increased abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria or Deferribacteres and remarkable fluctuations of genus relative abundance. Furthermore, kinds of highly T1D related genus and their strong correlations with peripheral immune cells, especially neutrophils, were discovered. Microbial changes in NOD mice differed from that of ICR mice and highly disease associated microbes have strong correlations with the peripheral neutrophil ratio, which provide evidence that neutrophils are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.

在患有 1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 的患者和动物中发现了肠道菌群变化。然而，很少有研究提供任何明确的线索，说明疾病发作前高度疾病相关的共生微生物群的变化及其与外周免疫细胞紊乱的关系。我们对从断奶到糖尿病发病的非肥胖糖尿病 (NOD) 小鼠进行了 16S rRNA 微生物群分析，以识别与疾病高度相关的微生物，并在异常菌群和外周免疫细胞之间进行 Spearman 相关分析。我们发现 NOD 小鼠的特异性细菌增加，群落丰富度或多样性降低，此外，还具有拟杆菌丰度减少和厚壁菌门、变形菌门或变形菌门丰度增加的特点。Deferribacteres和属相对丰度的显着波动。此外，还发现了多种与 T1D 高度相关的属及其与外周免疫细胞，尤其是中性粒细胞的强相关性。NOD 小鼠的微生物变化与 ICR 小鼠不同，高度疾病相关的微生物与外周中性粒细胞比率有很强的相关性，这提供了中性粒细胞可能参与 T1D 发病机制的证据。