Recently, plasma has been proposed as a new efficient tool for various biological and medical applications. The function of plasma is mainly realized through two aspects: Electric field and reactive species. However, because the interactions between plasma and cells are quite complicated, the synergistic effect of electric field and reactive species has not been studied in depth. In this paper, the synergetic effects of electric field and transportation of reactive species on cells are investigated by a two-dimensional finite element model. The exposure of cells to plasma results in the sufficiently high transmembrane voltage (1 V) and electroporation. When the electric field of plasma is less than 10⁴ V/cm, the radius of nanopores generated by plasma increases with the electric field. The further increase of electric field to 10⁵ V/cm does not cause a significant increase of nanopore radius, whereas the pore density increases by five times. The increase of discharge frequency significantly decreases the time needed to generate stable nanopores. The nanopores enhance the diffusion of H₂O₂ generated by plasma through the cell membrane significantly. Compared with the reality that H₂O₂ does not freely diffuse across cell membranes, the “generation and enhanced transportation” effect will further expand the application range of plasma medicine.

中文翻译：

---

通过等离子体的电穿孔效应增强活性氧的跨膜转运

最近，等离子体已被提议作为用于各种生物和医学应用的新的有效工具。等离子体的功能主要是通过电场和反应物种两个方面来实现的。然而，由于血浆与细胞之间的相互作用相当复杂，电场与活性物种的协同效应尚未深入研究。本文通过二维有限元模型研究了电场和活性物质传输对细胞的协同作用。细胞暴露于血浆会导致足够高的跨膜电压 (1 V) 和电穿孔。当等离子体电场小于 10 ⁴ V/cm，等离子体产生的纳米孔的半径随着电场的增加而增加。电场进一步增加到10 ⁵  V/cm 不会引起纳米孔半径的显着增加，而孔密度增加了五倍。放电频率的增加显着减少了产生稳定纳米孔所需的时间。纳米孔显着增强了由血浆产生的H ₂ O ₂通过细胞膜的扩散。与H ₂ O ₂不能自由地跨细胞膜扩散的现实相比，“生成和增强运输”效应将进一步扩大血浆药物的应用范围。