Salmonella pullorum is one of the most harmful pathogens to avian species. Magnolol and honokiol, natural compounds extracted from Magnolia officinalis, exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antibacterial activities. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental magnolol and honokiol in broilers infected with S. pullorum. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers were selected and randomly divided into four groups with six replicates: the negative control group (CTL), S. pullorum-infected group (SP), and the S. pullorum-infected group supplemented with 300 mg/kg honokiol (SPH) or magnolol (SPM). The results showed that challenging with S. pullorum impaired growth performance in broilers, as indicated by the observed decreases in body weight (P < 0.05) and average daily gains (P < 0.05), along with increased spleen (P < 0.01) and bursa of Fabricus weights (P < 0.05), serum globulin contents, and the decreased intestine villus height and villus/crypt ratios (P < 0.05). Notably, supplemental magnolol and honokiol attenuated these adverse changes, and the effects of magnolol were better than those of honokiol. Therefore, we performed RNA-Seq in ileum tissues and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of ileum bacteria. Our analysis revealed that magnolol increased the α-diversity (observed species, Chao1, ACE, and PD whole tree) and β-diversity of the ileum bacteria (P < 0.05). In addition, magnolol supplementation increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.01) and decreased unidentified Cyanobacteria (P < 0.05) both at d 14 and d 21. Further study confirmed that differentially expressed genes induced by magnolol and honokiol supplementation enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, in the intestinal immune network for IgA production, and in the cell adhesion molecule pathways. Supplemental magnolol and honokiol alleviated S. pullorum-induced impairments in growth performance, and the effect of magnolol was better than that of honokiol, which could be partially due to magnolol’s ability to improve the intestinal microbial and mucosal barrier.

中文翻译：

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补充厚朴酚或和厚朴酚通过调节粘膜基因表达和肠道微生物群来减轻感染白斑沙门氏菌的肉鸡的不良反应

沙门氏菌是对鸟类最有害的病原体之一。厚朴酚和和厚朴酚是从厚朴中提取的天然化合物，具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗菌活性。本研究旨在评估日粮中添加厚朴酚和和厚朴酚对感染白斑病菌的肉鸡的影响。选择1日龄肉鸡360头，随机分为4组，6个重复：阴性对照组（CTL）、白斑链球菌感染组（SP）和白斑链球菌感染组300 mg/kg 和厚朴酚 (SPH) 或厚朴酚 (SPM)。结果表明，用 S. pullorum 进行攻击会损害肉鸡的生长性能，如观察到的体重下降 (P < 0.05) 和平均日增重 (P < 0.05)，随着脾脏（P < 0.01）和法氏囊重量（P < 0.05）、血清球蛋白含量的增加以及肠绒毛高度和绒毛/隐窝比率的降低（P < 0.05）。值得注意的是，补充厚朴酚和和厚朴酚可以减轻这些不利变化，并且厚朴酚的效果优于和厚朴酚。因此，我们在回肠组织中进行了 RNA-Seq，并对回肠细菌进行了 16S rRNA 基因测序。我们的分析表明，厚朴酚增加了回肠细菌的α-多样性（观察物种、Chao1、ACE 和 PD 全树）和 β-多样性（P < 0.05）。此外，在第 14 天和第 21 天，厚朴酚补充剂增加了乳杆菌的丰度（P < 0.01）并减少了不明蓝藻（P < 0.05）。进一步的研究证实，由厚朴酚和和厚朴酚补充剂诱导的差异表达基因富含细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用、IgA 产生的肠道免疫网络以及细胞粘附分子途径。补充厚朴酚和厚朴酚可减轻白斑病菌引起的生长性能损害，厚朴酚的效果优于厚朴酚，部分原因可能是厚朴酚改善肠道微生物和粘膜屏障的能力。