There are multiple misconceptions concerning the breastfeeding mother’s diet and its adverse impact on breast milk composition and the breastfed child’s health, which might lead to breastfeeding cessation. Although prophylactic maternal dietary restrictions are not recommended, mothers all over the world are often recommended to avoid certain foods, due to cultural beliefs, social pressure and even outdated or ambiguous medical recommendations. In Poland, there is no systematic approach to breastfeeding education in the form of nationwide educational programs for particular social groups. It was estimated that in 2017 only 3–4% of Polish infants were exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age. The aim of this study was to recognize the scale of common dietary misconceptions among lactating mothers in Poland and to compare knowledge and opinions between medical staff and mothers who have ever breastfed a child. In addition, the paper is an attempt to identify factors contributing to the still current practice of recommending prophylactic dietary restrictions to breastfeeding mothers by medical staff. The study was conducted in Poland, in January – February 2019. The study used a diagnostic poll method and was conducted mainly in an electronic form. A total of 1159 completed questionnaires data were analyzed: 35.1% completed by medical staff and 64.9% by mothers in non-medical professions. Statistical calculations were conducted with Chi-square test, logistic regression and U Mann Whitney test (level of significance set at 0.05). The respondents presented a good level of knowledge and predominantly assessed the questioned statements correctly. Duration of breastfeeding was found to be the main factor determining respondents’ knowledge (p < 0.05). Concerning medical staff, the parity (p < 0.001) and applying an elimination diet when themselves breastfeeding (p < 0.001) had a significant impact on recommendation of prophylactic dietetic restrictions to the lactating women. Regardless of a resonably good level of knowledge on maternal nutrition in the lactation period, both breastfeeding mothers and medical staff are still convinced of the beneficial effect of preventive dietary restrictions, which affects further lactational counselling and lactational performance.

中文翻译：

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波兰母亲和卫生工作者的母亲饮食知识与母乳喂养实践之间的联系

关于母乳喂养母亲的饮食及其对母乳成分和母乳喂养儿童健康的不利影响存在多种误解，这可能导致母乳喂养停止。尽管不建议对孕产妇进行预防性饮食限制，但由于文化信仰、社会压力甚至过时或含糊不清的医疗建议，世界各地的母亲经常被建议避免某些食物。在波兰，没有以针对特定社会群体的全国教育计划的形式进行母乳喂养教育的系统方法。据估计，2017 年只有 3-4% 的波兰婴儿在 6 个月大时完全接受母乳喂养。本研究的目的是了解波兰哺乳期母亲常见的饮食误解的程度，并比较医务人员和曾经母乳喂养过的母亲之间的知识和意见。此外，该论文还试图确定导致医务人员向母乳喂养的母亲推荐预防性饮食限制的现行做法的因素。该研究于 2019 年 1 月至 2 月在波兰进行。该研究使用诊断性投票方法，主要以电子形式进行。共分析完成问卷数据1159份：医务人员完成35.1%，非医疗行业母亲完成64.9%。使用卡方检验、逻辑回归和 U Mann Whitney 检验（显着性水平设为 0.05）进行统计计算。受访者表现出良好的知识水平，主要是正确评估了有问题的陈述。发现母乳喂养的持续时间是决定受访者知识的主要因素（p < 0.05）。关于医务人员，胎次 (p < 0.001) 和在自己母乳喂养时应用消除饮食 (p < 0.001) 对建议对哺乳期妇女进行预防性饮食限制有显着影响。尽管对哺乳期母体营养的知识水平相当高，但母乳喂养的母亲和医务人员仍然相信预防性饮食限制的有益效果，这会影响进一步的哺乳咨询和哺乳表现。