ABSTRACT

Introduction

Homeless are a vulnerable segment of society at risk for infections. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) infections are increasingly identified in homeless as a major contributor of morbidity and mortality. Very few countries have recommended pneumococcal vaccination programs for the homeless.

Areas covered

A literature review of IPD in the homeless from 1980 to 2020 in PubMed and Scopus using terms, ‘homeless,’ and ‘homelessness,’ and after ‘chronic’ or ‘transitory’ homeless was conducted. Gray literature from the CDC, WHO and major governmental agencies/organizations were included. Terms for IPD eligible for inclusion in the database search included ‘pneumococcal disease,’ ‘invasive pneumococcal disease,’ ‘Streptococcus pneumoniae.’ This included outbreaks of pneumococcal disease in the homeless, clinical characteristics associated with pneumococcal disease in the homeless, pneumococcal vaccines and vaccination recommendations for the homeless.

Expert opinion

Homeless populations are at increased risk for IPD in comparison to the general population. This is due to clinical conditions experienced by the homeless including alcoholism and cigarette smoking. In addition, a collection of specific pneumococcal serotypes are associated with IPD in this group. Pneumococcal vaccine programs aimed at this population would likely decrease the incidence of IPD for this group and contribute to better overall health for the homeless.

中文翻译：

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是否需要为无家可归者制定肺炎球菌疫苗接种计划以预防侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病？

摘要

介绍

无家可归者是面临感染风险的社会弱势群体。侵袭性肺炎球菌病 (IPD) 感染越来越多地在无家可归者中被确定为发病率和死亡率的主要因素。很少有国家建议为无家可归者接种肺炎球菌疫苗。

涵盖的领域

在 PubMed 和 Scopus 中使用术语“无家可归者”和“无家可归者”以及“慢性”或“暂时性”无家可归者之后对 1980 年至 2020 年无家可归者的 IPD 进行了文献综述。包括来自 CDC、WHO 和主要政府机构/组织的灰色文献。符合纳入数据库搜索条件的 IPD 术语包括“肺炎球菌病”、“侵袭性肺炎球菌病”、“肺炎链球菌”。这包括无家可归者中肺炎球菌病的暴发、与无家可归者中肺炎球菌病相关的临床特征、肺炎球菌疫苗和针对无家可归者的疫苗接种建议。

专家意见

与普通人群相比，无家可归人群患 IPD 的风险更高。这是由于无家可归者所经历的临床状况，包括酗酒和吸烟。此外，一组特定的肺炎球菌血清型与该组中的 IPD 相关。针对这一人群的肺炎球菌疫苗计划可能会降低该人群的 IPD 发病率，并有助于改善无家可归者的整体健康状况。