Organisms have metabolic pathways responsible for eliminating endogenous and exogenous toxicants. Generally, we associate the liver par excellence as the organ in charge of detoxifying the body; however, this process occurs in all tissues, including the brain. Due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), the Central Nervous System (CNS) is considered a partially isolated organ, but similar to other organs, the CNS possess xenobiotic transporters and metabolic pathways associated with the elimination of xenobiotic agents. In this review, we describe the different systems related to the detoxification of xenobiotics in the CNS, providing examples in which their association with neurodegenerative processes is suspected. The CNS detoxifying systems include carrier-mediated, active efflux and receptor-mediated transport, and detoxifying systems that include phase I and phase II enzymes, as well as those enzymes in charge of neutralizing compounds such as electrophilic agents, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and free radicals, which are products of the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Moreover, we discuss the differential expression of these systems in different regions of the CNS, showing the different detoxifying needs and the composition of each region in terms of the cell type, neurotransmitter content, and the accumulation of xenobiotics and/or reactive compounds.

生物体具有负责消除内源性和外源性毒物的代谢途径。一般来说，我们将肝脏作为负责身体排毒的器官。然而，这个过程发生在所有组织中，包括大脑。由于血脑屏障 (BBB) 和血脑脊液屏障 (BCSFB) 的存在，中枢神经系统 (CNS) 被认为是一个部分孤立的器官，但与其他器官相似，CNS 具有外源性转运蛋白和与消除外源性物质相关的代谢途径。在这篇综述中，我们描述了与中枢神经系统中外源性物质解毒相关的不同系统，并提供了怀疑它们与神经退行性过程相关的例子。中枢神经系统解毒系统包括载体介导的、主动外排和受体介导的转运和解毒系统，包括 I 期和 II 期酶，以及负责中和化合物的酶，例如亲电子试剂、活性氧 (ROS) 和自由基，它们是异生素的生物活化。此外，我们讨论了这些系统在中枢神经系统不同区域的差异表达，显示了不同的解毒需求和每个区域在细胞类型、神经递质含量以及异生物质和/或活性化合物的积累方面的组成。它们是异生素生物活化的产物。此外，我们讨论了这些系统在中枢神经系统不同区域的差异表达，显示了不同的解毒需求和每个区域在细胞类型、神经递质含量以及异生物质和/或活性化合物的积累方面的组成。它们是异生素生物活化的产物。此外，我们讨论了这些系统在中枢神经系统不同区域的差异表达，显示了不同的解毒需求和每个区域在细胞类型、神经递质含量以及异生物质和/或活性化合物的积累方面的组成。