Genetically encoded fluorescent indicators of neuronal activity are ultimately developed to dissect functions of neuronal ensembles during behavior in living animals. Recent development of near-infrared shifted calcium and voltage indicators moved us closer to this goal and enabled crosstalk-free combination with blue light-controlled optogenetic tools for all-optical control and readout. Here I discuss designs of recent near-infrared and far-red calcium and voltage indicators, compare their properties and performance, and overview their applications to spectral multiplexing and in vivo imaging. I also provide perspectives for further development.

中文翻译：

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神经元活动的近红外和远红外基因编码指标

神经元活动的基因编码荧光指标最终被开发用于剖析活体动物行为过程中神经元集合的功能。近红外位移钙和电压指示器的最新发展使我们更接近这一目标，并实现了与蓝光控制的光遗传学工具的无串扰组合，用于全光学控制和读出。在这里，我讨论了最近的近红外和远红钙和电压指示器的设计，比较了它们的特性和性能，并概述了它们在光谱多路复用和体内成像中的应用。我还提供了进一步发展的观点。