This study elucidates a comparison between zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc oxide:Polyethylenimine ethoxylated (ZnO:PEIE) nanocomposite as an electron transport layer (ETL). The impact of ZnO:PEIE annealing temperature to increase the fill factor (FF) and current density (J_sc) of the devices was first studied after optimizing the doping concentration of PEIE. It was found that 0.4 wt% concentration and 150 °C annealing temperature of ZnO:PEIE ETL showed a superior performance for the devices. The introduction of PEIE promoted the charge transport by decreasing the work function of ZnO, which caused an improvement in the conductivity and current density of devices_. For ZnO, the efficiency was 1.25%, which was enhanced to 1.46% with 0.4 wt% PEIE doping and further enhanced to 1.53% at 150 °C annealing temperature. The crystallinity of the ETL can be enhanced by choosing an effective annealing temperature that assists in increasing the current density and fill factor. This research work offers a desirable approach for the synthesis of high-performance organic solar cells.

本研究阐明了氧化锌 (ZnO) 和氧化锌：聚乙烯亚胺乙氧基化 (ZnO:PEIE) 纳米复合材料作为电子传输层 (ETL) 之间的比较。在优化 PEIE 的掺杂浓度后，首先研究了 ZnO:PEIE 退火温度对增加器件的填充因子 ( FF ) 和电流密度 ( J _sc ) 的影响。发现 ZnO:PEIE ETL 的 0.4 wt% 浓度和 150 °C 退火温度显示出器件的优异性能。PEIE 的引入通过降低 ZnO 的功函数来促进电荷传输，从而提高器件的电导率和电流密度_。对于 ZnO，效率为 1.25%，在 0.4 wt% PEIE 掺杂下效率提高到 1.46%，在 150°C 退火温度下进一步提高到 1.53%。通过选择有助于增加电流密度和填充因子的有效退火温度，可以提高 ETL 的结晶度。这项研究工作为合成高性能有机太阳能电池提供了一种理想的方法。