The projectile-target encounter conditions always play an important part during the penetration of projectile into metal target. The presence of oblique angle, pitch, yaw and angular velocity of projectile, limiting the efficiency of penetration, can lead to fully three-dimensional (3D) penetration trajectory. Thus, a 3D penetration trajectory model for ogive-nosed projectile into metal target is developed based on the local interaction theory (LIT) and dynamic expansion theory with considering the oblique angle, pitch, yaw, and angular velocity of projectile. Then, the 3D penetration trajectory model is verified by comparing the calculation results with available experimental data. Besides, relevant parametric analysis is conducted, including obliquity with pitch, obliquity with yaw, obliquity coupled with pitch and yaw, angular velocity vertical to the plane of obliquity. The results show that obliquity coupled with pitch and yaw is the most influential factor for the stability of penetration trajectory, followed by the obliquity with pitch, the angular velocity vertical to the plane of obliquity and the obliquity with yaw. The deflections of projectile are aggravated as the above parameters increase except the angular velocity vertical to the plane of obliquity.

在弹丸穿透金属目标的过程中，弹丸与目标的相遇条件总是起着重要的作用。弹丸的斜角、俯仰角、偏航角和角速度的存在限制了穿透效率，可以导致完全三维 (3D) 穿透轨迹。因此，基于局部相互作用理论（LIT）和动态膨胀理论，并考虑了弹丸的斜角、俯仰角、偏航角和角速度，开发了一种用于拱形弹头对金属目标的3D穿透弹道模型。然后，通过将计算结果与可用的实验数据进行比较来验证 3D 穿透轨迹模型。此外，还进行了相关的参数分析，包括倾斜与俯仰、倾斜与偏航、倾斜与俯仰和偏航耦合，垂直于倾斜平面的角速度。结果表明，与俯仰和偏航耦合的倾斜是对穿透轨迹稳定性影响最大的因素，其次是俯仰倾斜、垂直于倾斜平面的角速度和偏航倾斜。除了垂直于倾斜平面的角速度外，随着上述参数的增加，弹丸的偏转加剧。