Contribution: A systematic literature review on the empirical evidence regarding the usage of programming languages for learning purposes is presented. The review analyzes different methods and tools at different educational levels and with different objectives. Background: Learning programming has gained relevance in the last decade. This is due to the massive presence of programmable elements ranging from computers to toys. Because of this, the interest of researchers on this topic has increased. Questions, such as what to use, in what educational stages to use it, the effectiveness of the method, and the focal objectives for learning programming are questions that do not have obvious answers. Research Questions: 1) What empirical evidence exists on the use of educational programming languages (EPLs)? 2) In what context is the research performed? 3) How is effectiveness reported in the literature after applying EPLs? 4) What pedagogical goals are achieved by using EPLs? Methodology: Following a formal protocol, automated searches were performed for primary studies from 2007 to 2018. A total of 62 studies were identified, of which 29 were selected and analyzed since they include some type of empirical evidence. Findings: After performing the evaluation, the results support the need for better approaches with empirical evidence when reporting research on the usage of EPLs. Some research opportunities are identified which concerns the used programming languages, the areas or stages of their application, or the need to have more empirical evidence in general and more studies in non-WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) contexts.

中文翻译：

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在教育过程中使用编程语言的经验证据

贡献：介绍了关于使用编程语言进行学习的经验证据的系统文献综述。该评论分析了不同教育水平和不同目标的不同方法和工具。背景：学习编程在过去十年中变得越来越重要。这是由于大量存在从计算机到玩具的可编程元素。正因为如此，研究人员对这个话题的兴趣增加了。诸如使用什么、在哪个教育阶段使用它、方法的有效性以及学习编程的重点目标等问题是没有明确答案的问题。研究问题：1) 有哪些关于教育编程语言 (EPL) 使用的经验证据？2）研究是在什么背景下进行的？3) 应用 EPL 后，文献中如何报告有效性？4) 使用 EPL 可以实现哪些教学目标？方法：按照正式的方案，对 2007 年至 2018 年的主要研究进行了自动搜索。总共确定了 62 项研究，其中 29 项被选择和分析，因为它们包含某种类型的经验证据。 结果：在执行评估后，结果支持在报告有关 EPL 使用的研究时需要有经验证据的更好方法。确定了一些研究机会，涉及所使用的编程语言、其应用的领域或阶段，或者需要更多的一般经验证据和更多在非 WEIRD（西方、受过教育、工业化、富裕和民主）背景下的研究.