To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcome of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in the treatment of non-massive hemoptysis and the prognostic factors associated with recurrent bleeding. From March 2005 to September 2014, BAE was performed in 233 patients with non-massive hemoptysis. All patients had a history of persistent or recurrent hemoptysis despite conservative medical treatment. We assessed the technical and clinical success, recurrence, prognostic factors related to recurrent bleeding, recurrence-free survival rate, additional treatment, and major complications in all the patients. Technical success was achieved in 224 patients (96.1%), and clinical success was obtained in 219 (94.0%) of the 233 patients. In addition, 64 patients (27.5%) presented hemoptysis recurrence with median time of 197 days after embolization. Tuberculosis sequelae and presence of aberrant bronchial artery or non-bronchial systemic collaterals were significantly related to recurrent bleeding (p < 0.05). The use of Histoacryl-based embolic materials significantly reduced the recurrent bleeding rate (p < 0.05). Patient who had a tuberculosis sequelae showed a significantly lower recurrence-free survival rate (p = 0.013). Presence of aberrant bronchial artery or non-bronchial systemic collaterals showed a statistically significant correlation with recurrence-free survival rate (p = 0.021). No patients had major complications during follow-up. BAE is a safe and effective treatment to manage non-massive hemoptysis. The procedure may offer a better long-term control of recurrent hemoptysis and quality of life than conservative therapy alone.

中文翻译：

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非大咯血患者支气管动脉栓塞的可行性和预后

评价支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）治疗非大咯血的安全性、有效性和远期疗效以及与复发性出血相关的预后因素。2005 年 3 月至 2014 年 9 月，对 233 例非大咯血患者进行 BAE。尽管进行了保守的药物治疗，所有患者都有持续或复发性咯血病史。我们评估了所有患者的技术和临床成功率、复发率、与复发性出血相关的预后因素、无复发生存率、额外治疗和主要并发症。224 名患者（96.1%）获得了技术成功，233 名患者中有 219 名（94.0%）获得了临床成功。此外，64 例（27.5%）患者在栓塞后出现咯血复发，中位时间为 197 天。结核后遗症和异常支气管动脉或非支气管全身侧支的存在与反复出血显着相关（p < 0.05）。使用基于 Histoacryl 的栓塞材料显着降低了复发性出血率 (p < 0.05)。患有结核病后遗症的患者的无复发生存率显着降低（p = 0.013）。异常支气管动脉或非支气管全身侧支的存在显示出与无复发生存率的统计学显着相关性（p = 0.021）。随访期间无患者出现严重并发症。BAE 是一种安全有效的非大咯血治疗方法。与单独的保守治疗相比，该程序可以更好地长期控制复发性咯血和生活质量。