Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one contributor to death in the United States and worldwide. A risk factor for CVD is high serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations; however, LDL particles exist in a variety of sizes that may differentially affect the progression of CVD. The small, dense LDL particles, compared to the large, buoyant LDL subclass, are considered to be more atherogenic. It has been suggested that replacing saturated fatty acids with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreases the risk for CVD. However, certain studies are not in agreement with this recommendation, as saturated fatty acid intake did not increase the risk for CVD, cardiovascular events, and/or mortality. Furthermore, consumption of saturated fat has been demonstrated to increase large, buoyant LDL particles, which may explain, in part, for the differing outcomes regarding fat consumption on CVD risk. Therefore, the objective was to review intervention trials that explored the effects of fat consumption on LDL particle size in healthy individuals. PubMed and Web of Science were utilized during the search process for journal articles. The results of this review provided evidence that fat consumption increases large, buoyant LDL and/or decreases small, dense LDL particles, and therefore, influences CVD risk.

中文翻译：

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脂肪消耗对健康个体低密度脂蛋白粒径的影响：叙述性综述

心血管疾病 (CVD) 是美国和世界范围内导致死亡的第一大原因。心血管疾病的一个危险因素是高血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）浓度；然而，低密度脂蛋白颗粒以各种大小存在，可能对心血管疾病的进展产生不同的影响。与大而有活力的 LDL 亚类相比，小而致密的 LDL 颗粒被认为更易致动脉粥样硬化。有人建议用单不饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸代替饱和脂肪酸可以降低心血管疾病的风险。然而，某些研究不同意这一建议，因为饱和脂肪酸摄入不会增加心血管疾病、心血管事件和/或死亡率的风险。此外，饱和脂肪的消耗已被证明会增加大而有活力的低密度脂蛋白颗粒，这可以部分解释脂肪消耗对心血管疾病风险的不同结果。因此，目的是回顾探讨脂肪消耗对健康个体 LDL 粒径影响的干预试验。在期刊文章的搜索过程中使用了 PubMed 和 Web of Science。该评价的结果提供了证据，表明脂肪消耗会增加大而有活力的 LDL 和/或减少小而密集的 LDL 颗粒，因此会影响 CVD 风险。