Oxidative stress is the imbalance of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the action of neutralizing antioxidant mechanisms. If left unchecked, the deleterious effects of oxidative stress result in damage to DNA, proteins, and membranes, ultimately leading to cell death. Tumors are highly proliferative and consequently generate high levels of mitochondrial ROS. To compensate for this and maintain redox homeostasis, cancer cells upregulate protective antioxidant pathways, which are further amplified in drug-resistant tumors. This review provides an overview of the latest molecular imaging techniques designed to image oxidative stress in cancer. New probes can now assess heterogeneous ROS and antioxidant production within tumors and across lesions. Together, the noninvasive imaging of these dynamic processes holds great promise for monitoring response to treatment and predicting drug resistance and may provide insight into the metastatic potential of tumors.

氧化应激是有害活性氧（ROS）的失衡和中和抗氧化机制的作用。如果任其发展，氧化应激的有害影响会导致 DNA、蛋白质和细胞膜受损，最终导致细胞死亡。肿瘤具有高度增殖性，因此会产生高水平的线粒体 ROS。为了弥补这一点并维持氧化还原稳态，癌细胞上调了保护性抗氧化途径，这些途径在耐药肿瘤中被进一步放大。这篇综述概述了旨在对癌症中的氧化应激进行成像的最新分子成像技术。新的探针现在可以评估肿瘤内和病灶内的异质 ROS 和抗氧化剂的产生。一起，