ABSTRACT

Very preterm birth increases the risk of ADHD as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders. Deficits within the attentional system were previously signaled in preterm children; however, studies lacked in consideration of an intragroup differentiation. Thus, this study aimed to verify whether deficits in the attentional mechanisms are inter-individually differentiated among very prematurely born children and if so, which biomedical and non-biomedical factors are associated with the profile of deficits within the attentional system. We tested the efficiency of attentional processes among 5-year-old children with the Attention Network Task – Child Version. The results have indicated that 26% of very preterm children presented with the suboptimal functioning of the attentional system (more than 1 SD below mean score of full-term children in attentional alerting and orienting), whereas 74% were characterized by the normal efficiency of attention. The profile of attentional deficits observed among very preterm preschoolers was associated with significantly lower birth weight and decreased family living standard. Very prematurely born children are thus a relatively heterogeneous group in terms of the efficiency of attentional system and deficits apply to only some of those children. Early developmental support aimed at enhancing attentional functioning should be addressed to children with lower birth weight in the first place.

摘要

非常早产会增加多动症以及其他神经发育障碍的风险。早产儿的注意力系统缺陷以前是有信号的。然而，研究缺乏考虑组内差异。因此，本研究旨在验证注意机制的缺陷是否在非常早产的儿童中存在个体差异，如果是，哪些生物医学和非生物医学因素与注意系统内的缺陷特征相关。我们使用注意力网络任务 - 儿童版测试了 5 岁儿童注意力过程的效率。结果表明，26% 的极早产儿的注意力系统功能欠佳（比足月儿的注意力警报和定向平均得分低 1 个标准差以上），而 74% 的特征是注意力系统的正常效率。注意力。在非常早产的学龄前儿童中观察到的注意力缺陷与出生体重显着降低和家庭生活水平降低有关。因此，就注意力系统的效率而言，非常早产的儿童是一个相对异质的群体，并且缺陷仅适用于其中一些儿童。旨在增强注意力功能的早期发育支持应首先针对出生体重较低的儿童。而 74% 的人则以正常的注意力效率为特征。在非常早产的学龄前儿童中观察到的注意力缺陷与出生体重显着降低和家庭生活水平降低有关。因此，就注意力系统的效率而言，非常早产的儿童是一个相对异质的群体，并且缺陷仅适用于其中一些儿童。旨在增强注意力功能的早期发育支持应首先针对出生体重较低的儿童。而 74% 的人则以正常的注意力效率为特征。在非常早产的学龄前儿童中观察到的注意力缺陷与出生体重显着降低和家庭生活水平降低有关。因此，就注意力系统的效率而言，非常早产的儿童是一个相对异质的群体，并且缺陷仅适用于其中一些儿童。旨在增强注意力功能的早期发育支持应首先针对出生体重较低的儿童。因此，就注意力系统的效率而言，非常早产的儿童是一个相对异质的群体，并且缺陷仅适用于其中一些儿童。旨在增强注意力功能的早期发育支持应首先针对出生体重较低的儿童。因此，就注意力系统的效率而言，非常早产的儿童是一个相对异质的群体，并且缺陷仅适用于其中一些儿童。旨在增强注意力功能的早期发育支持应首先针对出生体重较低的儿童。