Trade-offs between negatively associated traits underlie life history evolution. Immune function is often involved in life history trade-offs, because of the energetic and nutritional costs of mounting and maintaining immune responses. Reproductive strategies exist on a continuum between semelparity and iteroparity. While immune function is often downregulated in semelparous organisms because they do not have to account for future survival or reproduction, those organisms that also provide parental care may retain the strength of immune responses. Wolf spiders (family: Lycosidae) are semelparous yet provide parental and provide a good system to evaluate trade-offs between immune responses and reproductive effort. We measured encapsulation response and reproductive effort of female wolf spiders from three reproductive classes: nongravid, gravid, and carrying young. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the immune responses of female wolf spiders carrying young. We hypothesized female T. georgicola derive the allocate resources to reproduction at the expense of immune function. However, we found reproductive effort had no relationship with encapsulation response in spiders carrying young. There was also no difference in the encapsulation response between reproductive classes. Individual differences in resource acquisition may explain the lack of a relationship between reproductive effort and encapsulation in spiders carrying young. Spiders with larger resource pools have more resources to devote to reproduction and immunity. Maintaining resources to mount immune responses across reproductive stages could also increase the fitness of female wolf spiders because they must survive to carry and disperse the young, which reduces kin competition among spiderlings.

中文翻译：

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在有父母照顾的半生狼蛛中，免疫功能不会与繁殖努力进行权衡

负相关特征之间的权衡是生活史进化的基础。由于建立和维持免疫反应的能量和营养成本，免疫功能通常涉及生活史权衡。生殖策略存在于semelparity和iteroparity之间的连续统一体上。虽然由于不必考虑未来的生存或繁殖，半生生物的免疫功能通常会下调，但那些也提供父母照顾的生物可能会保留免疫反应的强度。狼蛛（科：Lycosidae）是半生的，但提供了亲本，并提供了一个很好的系统来评估免疫反应和繁殖努力之间的权衡。我们测量了来自三个生殖类别的雌性狼蛛的包裹反应和生殖努力：非妊娠、妊娠、并携带年轻。据我们所知，这是对携带幼崽的雌性狼蛛免疫反应的首次调查。我们假设女性T. georgicola以牺牲免疫功能为代价，将资源分配给繁殖。然而，我们发现繁殖努力与携带幼崽的蜘蛛的包裹反应无关。生殖类别之间的封装响应也没有差异。资源获取的个体差异可能解释了繁殖努力与携带幼崽的蜘蛛的封装之间缺乏关系。拥有更大资源池的蜘蛛有更多的资源可以用于繁殖和免疫。维持资源以在整个生殖阶段产生免疫反应也可以提高雌性狼蛛的适应性，因为它们必须存活下来才能携带和驱散幼体，从而减少蜘蛛之间的亲属竞争。