A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence nanoprobe named RhI-DOX@ZIF-90 has been synthesized by wrapping the guest molecule (RhI and DOX) into ZIF-90 framework. The nanoprobe itself is non-fluorescent and the drug (DOX) is inactive. Upon the addition of ATP, the structure of RhI-DOX@ZIF-90 is degraded. The fluorescence of RhI is recovered and DOX is released. The nanoprobe can detect ATP with high sensitivity and selectivity. There is good linear relationship between the nanoprobe and ATP concentration from 0.25 to 10 mM and the detection limit is 0.10 mM. The nanoprobe has the ability to monitor the change of ATP level in living cells and DOX is released inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. RhI-DOX@ZIF-90 is capable of targeting mitochondria, which provides a basis for improving the efficiency of drug delivery by mitochondrial administration. In particular, the nanoprobe is preferentially accumulated in the tumor sites and detect ATP in tumor mice by fluorescence imaging using near-infrared fluorescence. At the same time, DOX can be released accurately in tumor sites and have good anti-tumor efficiency. So, this nanoprobe is a reliable tool to realize early diagnosis of cancer and improve effect of anticancer drug.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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用于抗癌药物控释的 ATP 响应近红外荧光 MOF 纳米探针

通过将客体分子（RhI 和 DOX）包裹在 ZIF-90 框架中，合成了一种名为 RhI-DOX@ZIF-90 的近红外 (NIR) 荧光纳米探针。纳米探针本身是无荧光的，药物 (DOX) 是无活性的。添加 ATP 后，RhI-DOX@ZIF-90 的结构发生降解。RhI 的荧光恢复并释放 DOX。纳米探针可以高灵敏度和选择性地检测 ATP。纳米探针与 ATP 浓度在 0.25 至 10 mM 之间具有良好的线性关系，检测限为 0.10 mM。纳米探针能够监测活细胞中 ATP 水平的变化，释放 DOX 诱导癌细胞凋亡。RhI-DOX@ZIF-90 能够靶向线粒体，这为通过线粒体给药提高给药效率提供了基础。特别是，纳米探针优先积聚在肿瘤部位，并通过使用近红外荧光的荧光成像检测肿瘤小鼠中的 ATP。同时，DOX可以在肿瘤部位准确释放，具有良好的抗肿瘤效率。因此，这种纳米探针是实现癌症早期诊断和提高抗癌药物效果的可靠工具。

图形概要