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Irrigation with Coal Mining Effluents: Sustainability and Water Quality Considerations (São Pedro da Cova, North Portugal)
Water ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-05 , DOI: 10.3390/w13162157 Catarina Mansilha , Armindo Melo , Deolinda Flores , Joana Ribeiro , João Ramalheira Rocha , Vítor Martins , Patrícia Santos , Jorge Espinha Marques
Water ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-05 , DOI: 10.3390/w13162157 Catarina Mansilha , Armindo Melo , Deolinda Flores , Joana Ribeiro , João Ramalheira Rocha , Vítor Martins , Patrícia Santos , Jorge Espinha Marques
Two water effluents that drain from the abandoned coal mine of São Pedro da Cova (NW Portugal) were characterized in terms of their physic-chemical properties and suitability for irrigation purposes. Samples were also collected in a local surface stream, upstream and downstream from the mine drainage points, also used for irrigation by local farmers. Water samples were analyzed for major and minor ions and for trace element concentrations. Sampling campaigns started in 2017 and ended in 2019 and there were 46 water quality parameters tested. There were also proposed all-inclusive indices (the Water Quality Index and the Contamination Index, and also the Trace Element Toxicity Index) based on specific groups of 18 and 17 physic-chemical parameters, respectively, to achieve adequate monitoring requirements for mine effluents and surface water from coalfield. From the physical and chemical aspects of mine water it is inferred that the mine is not producing acid mine drainage. The coal mine water is of medium to high salinity, having almost neutral pH and a high thermal stability during the year, which is a distinguishing feature of the effluents. When compared to international irrigation water quality standards, as Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations admissible concentrations, the impacted waters are unsuitable for irrigation. The major outliers to the guidelines were iron, manganese, potassium, magnesium and bicarbonates, being also detected carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cost-effective ways of monitoring water quality parameters are needed to help control and manage the impact of coal mine effluents that should be treated before releasing into a ditch system that could be then used by local farmers to irrigate their crops.
中文翻译:
用煤矿废水灌溉:可持续性和水质考虑(São Pedro da Cova,北葡萄牙)
从 São Pedro da Cova(葡萄牙西北部)废弃煤矿排出的两种废水在其理化性质和灌溉用途的适用性方面进行了表征。还在矿井排水点上游和下游的当地地表溪流中采集样品,当地农民也用于灌溉。分析水样的主要和次要离子以及痕量元素浓度。采样活动于 2017 年开始并于 2019 年结束,共测试了 46 个水质参数。还提出了基于 18 个和 17 个物理化学参数的特定组别的综合指数(水质指数和污染指数,以及微量元素毒性指数),达到对煤矿废水和煤田地表水的充分监测要求。从矿井水的物理和化学方面推断该矿不产生酸性矿井排水。煤矿水具有中高盐度,pH 值几乎为中性,全年热稳定性高,这是出水的显着特征。与国际灌溉水质标准相比,作为联合国粮食及农业组织可接受的浓度,受影响的水域不适合灌溉。该指南的主要异常值是铁、锰、钾、镁和碳酸氢盐,也被检测到致癌的多环芳烃。
更新日期:2021-08-05
中文翻译:
用煤矿废水灌溉:可持续性和水质考虑(São Pedro da Cova,北葡萄牙)
从 São Pedro da Cova(葡萄牙西北部)废弃煤矿排出的两种废水在其理化性质和灌溉用途的适用性方面进行了表征。还在矿井排水点上游和下游的当地地表溪流中采集样品,当地农民也用于灌溉。分析水样的主要和次要离子以及痕量元素浓度。采样活动于 2017 年开始并于 2019 年结束,共测试了 46 个水质参数。还提出了基于 18 个和 17 个物理化学参数的特定组别的综合指数(水质指数和污染指数,以及微量元素毒性指数),达到对煤矿废水和煤田地表水的充分监测要求。从矿井水的物理和化学方面推断该矿不产生酸性矿井排水。煤矿水具有中高盐度,pH 值几乎为中性,全年热稳定性高,这是出水的显着特征。与国际灌溉水质标准相比,作为联合国粮食及农业组织可接受的浓度,受影响的水域不适合灌溉。该指南的主要异常值是铁、锰、钾、镁和碳酸氢盐,也被检测到致癌的多环芳烃。