Aims

Dietary intake provides a potential intervention target to reduce the high risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 1 diabetes. This effort aimed to identify patterns of nutrient intake in young/middle-aged adults with type 1 diabetes and to examine associations between those patterns and development of CAD.

Methods

Principal component analysis was used to derive nutrient intake patterns among 514 individuals with childhood-onset (<17 years old) type 1 diabetes aged 18+ years and free of CAD (defined as CAD death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, ischemia, or study physician diagnosed angina). Cox models were used to assess the association between nutrient patterns and CAD incidence over 30-years of follow-up.

Results

Three nutrient principal components (PC) were identified: PC1 (high caffeine and saccharin intake), PC2 (high alcohol and caffeine, lower intake of essential nutrients) and PC3 (higher fiber/micronutrients, low alcohol). In unadjusted Cox models, only PC1 (negatively) and PC2 (positively) were associated with CAD risk. These associations were no longer significant after adjusting for diabetes duration.

Conclusions

Important dietary components underlying the three patterns identified may have been influenced by diabetes duration or age. Future research can continue to explore patterns of nutrient intake over time and CAD development in type 1 diabetes.

中文翻译：

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1型糖尿病成人营养摄入和冠状动脉疾病风险的数据驱动模式

目标

膳食摄入提供了一个潜在的干预目标，以降低 1 型糖尿病患者患冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) 的高风险。这项工作旨在确定年轻/中年 1 型糖尿病患者的营养摄入模式，并检查这些模式与 CAD 发展之间的关联。

方法

主成分分析用于推导 514 名 18 岁以上儿童期发病（<17 岁）1 型糖尿病且无 CAD（定义为 CAD 死亡、心肌梗塞、血运重建、缺血或研究医师）个体的营养摄入模式诊断为心绞痛）。Cox 模型用于评估营养模式与 CAD 发病率之间的关联，随访时间超过 30 年。

结果

确定了三种营养主成分 (PC)：PC1（高咖啡因和糖精摄入量）、PC2（高酒精和咖啡因，必需营养素摄入量较低）和 PC3（高纤维/微量营养素，低酒精度）。在未经调整的 Cox 模型中，只有 PC1（负）和 PC2（正）与 CAD 风险相关。在调整糖尿病病程后，这些关联不再显着。

结论

确定的三种模式背后的重要饮食成分可能受到糖尿病病程或年龄的影响。未来的研究可以继续探索随着时间的推移营养摄入的模式和 1 型糖尿病的 CAD 发展。