Growing quantities of end-of-life batteries, increasing demand for critical metals and the depleting reserve of high grade ores have necessitated the need to explore secondary sources such as spent lithium ion batteries (LiBs). Among various processes developed for the recovery of materials from the LiBs, the hydrometallurgical approach is mainstream due to its flexibility and efficiency. However, the cost and environmental impacts of hydrometallurgical approaches depend on the reagents used. Organic compounds such as organic acids and biomasses as lixiviants and reductants are considered cheaper and more eco-friendly alternatives to their inorganic counterparts conventionally used. This review summarises the progresses made in the use of organic based substances as reductants in reductive leaching of spent LiBs and low grade ores. It also discusses factors affecting leaching mechanisms, possible reaction chemistries and kinetics. Analysis of the available data in the literature suggests that the use of organic-based compounds could achieve comparable recovery but with much reduced adverse environmental impacts in the extraction of metals from spent LiBs. Further, technology development in the area will benefit from application of key knowledge on the recovery of metals from low grade ores. The review concludes with a summary of current challenges facing the industrial application of organic compounds and highlights future perspectives on organic acids as lixiviants in a mixed acid leaching system.

越来越多的报废电池、对关键金属的需求不断增加以及高品位矿石储量的枯竭，使得有必要探索二次资源，如废锂离子电池 (LiBs)。在为从 LiBs 回收材料而开发的各种工艺中，湿法冶金方法因其灵活性和效率而成为主流。然而，湿法冶金方法的成本和环境影响取决于所使用的试剂。有机化合物如有机酸和生物质作为浸出剂和还原剂被认为是比传统使用的无机对应物更便宜、更环保的替代品。本综述总结了在使用有机基物质作为还原剂还原浸出废锂和低品位矿石方面取得的进展。它还讨论了影响浸出机制、可能的反应化学和动力学的因素。对文献中现有数据的分析表明，使用有机基化合物可以实现可比的回收率，但在从废锂离子电池中提取金属的过程中大大减少了不利的环境影响。此外，该地区的技术发展将受益于从低品位矿石中回收金属的关键知识的应用。该评论总结了当前有机化合物工业应用面临的挑战，并强调了有机酸作为混合酸浸出系统中浸出剂的未来前景。对文献中现有数据的分析表明，使用有机基化合物可以实现可比的回收率，但在从废锂离子电池中提取金属的过程中大大减少了不利的环境影响。此外，该地区的技术发展将受益于从低品位矿石中回收金属的关键知识的应用。该评论总结了当前有机化合物工业应用面临的挑战，并强调了有机酸作为混合酸浸出系统中浸出剂的未来前景。对文献中现有数据的分析表明，使用有机基化合物可以实现可比的回收率，但在从废锂离子电池中提取金属的过程中大大减少了不利的环境影响。此外，该地区的技术发展将受益于从低品位矿石中回收金属的关键知识的应用。该评论总结了当前有机化合物工业应用面临的挑战，并强调了有机酸在混合酸浸出系统中作为浸出剂的未来前景。