Timber is one of the most frequently adopted combustible materials in the built environment. The thermal properties are the determining factors for assessing the fire risk in a building. The main thermal properties of timber and their char are reviewed, especially those temperature-dependent and moisture-dependent properties, including kinetic properties, ignition properties, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, effective heat of combustion and thermal diffusivity. The study has collected and summarized various thermal properties data and empirical models of hardwood and softwood with different mass percentages in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as temperature increases. The average ignition temperature and effective heat of combustion of softwood are about 12.9% and 9.5% higher than those of hardwood, respectively. From most of the previous models, the thermal conductivity of timber char increases as temperature rises. Cellulose with a high density shows a higher thermal conductivity, but its impacts on the specific heat capacity are limited. Models to predict the main thermal properties of the hardwood, softwood and char are recommended. The collected data, together with those empirical models, can provide useful data resources and tools for the related fire risk assessments.

木材是建筑环境中最常用的可燃材料之一。热性能是评估建筑物火灾风险的决定因素。综述了木材及其炭的主要热性能，特别是那些与温度和湿度相关的性能，包括动力学性能、点火性能、导热系数、比热容、有效燃烧热和热扩散系数。该研究收集并总结了随着温度升高，纤维素、半纤维素和木质素中具有不同质量百分比的硬木和软木的各种热性能数据和经验模型。软木的平均着火温度和有效燃烧热分别比硬木高约12.9%和9.5%。从以前的大多数模型来看，木炭的导热系数随着温度的升高而增加。高密度的纤维素显示出更高的热导率，但其对比热容的影响有限。推荐使用模型来预测硬木、软木和炭的主要热特性。收集到的数据，连同那些经验模型，可以为相关的火灾风险评估提供有用的数据资源和工具。