Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their multilineage differentiation potential with immune-modulatory properties. The molecular underpinnings of differentiation remain largely undefined. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular features of chemically induced osteogenesis from MSC isolated from human adipose tissue (human adipose MSCs, hAMSCs) using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). We found that a near complete differentiation of osteogenic clusters from hAMSCs under a directional induction. Both groups of cells are heterogeneous, and some of the hAMSCs cells are intrinsically prepared for osteogenesis, while variant OS clusters seems in cooperation with a due division of the general function. We identified a set of genes related to cell stress response highly expressed during the differentiation. We also characterized a series of transitional transcriptional waves throughout the process from hAMSCs to osteoblast and specified the unique gene networks and epigenetic status as key markers of osteogenesis.

中文翻译：

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人脂肪间充质干细胞成骨过程中细胞异质性的单细胞转录组测序分析

间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 以其具有免疫调节特性的多向分化潜能而闻名。分化的分子基础在很大程度上仍未确定。在这项研究中，我们使用单细胞 RNA 测序 (scRNA-seq) 研究了从人类脂肪组织（人类脂肪 MSCs，hAMSCs）中分离出来的 MSC 化学诱导成骨的细胞和分子特征。我们发现在定向诱导下，成骨簇与 hAMSCs 几乎完全分化。两组细胞都是异质的，一些 hAMSCs 细胞本质上为成骨做好了准备，而变异的 OS 簇似乎与一般功能的适当划分相配合。我们鉴定了一组与分化过程中高度表达的细胞应激反应相关的基因。