Abstract

Species of Burkholderia are highly versatile being found not only abundantly in soil, but also as plants and animals’ commensals or pathogens. Their complex multireplicon genomes harbour an impressive number of polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide-synthetase (NRPS) genes coding for the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (SMs), which have been successfully deciphered by genome-guided tools. Moreover, genome metrics supported the split of this genus into Burkholderia sensu stricto (s.s.) and five new other genera. Here, we show that the successful antimicrobial SMs producers belong to Burkholderia s.s. Additionally, we reviewed the occurrence, bioactivities, modes of action, structural, and biosynthetic information of thirty-eight Burkholderia antimicrobial SMs shedding light on their diversity, complexity, and uniqueness as well as the importance of genome-guided strategies to facilitate their discovery. Several Burkholderia NRPS and PKS display unusual features, which are reflected in their structural diversity, important bioactivities, and varied modes of action. Up to now, it is possible to observe a general tendency of Burkholderia SMs being more active against fungi. Although the modes of action and biosynthetic gene clusters of many SMs remain unknown, we highlight the potential of Burkholderia SMs as alternatives to fight against new diseases and antibiotic resistance.

摘要

伯克霍尔德氏菌种类繁多，不仅在土壤中大量发现，而且作为植物和动物的共生体或病原体。他们复杂的多复制子基因组包含数量惊人的聚酮化合物合酶 (PKS) 和非核糖体肽合成酶 (NRPS) 基因，这些基因编码产生抗菌次级代谢物 (SM)，这些基因已被基因组引导工具成功破译。此外，基因组指标支持将该属分为狭义伯克霍尔德氏菌(ss) 和五个新的其他属。在这里，我们表明成功的抗菌 SMs 生产商属于伯克霍尔德氏菌。此外，我们回顾了 38 种微生物的发生、生物活性、作用方式、结构和生物合成信息。Burkholderia抗菌 SM 揭示了它们的多样性、复杂性和独特性，以及基因组引导策略促进它们发现的重要性。几种伯克霍尔德菌NRPS 和 PKS 表现出不寻常的特征，这反映在它们的结构多样性、重要的生物活性和不同的作用模式上。到目前为止，可以观察到Burkholderia SMs 对真菌更具活性的总体趋势。尽管许多 SM 的作用模式和生物合成基因簇仍然未知，但我们强调了Burkholderia SM 作为对抗新疾病和抗生素耐药性的替代品的潜力。