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Cardiac risk stratification in cancer patients: A longitudinal patient-patient network analysis.
PLOS Medicine ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-02 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003736
Yuan Hou 1 , Yadi Zhou 1 , Muzna Hussain 2, 3 , G Thomas Budd 4 , Wai Hong Wilson Tang 1, 2, 5 , James Abraham 4 , Bo Xu 2 , Chirag Shah 6 , Rohit Moudgil 2 , Zoran Popovic 2 , Chris Watson 3 , Leslie Cho 2 , Mina Chung 2, 5 , Mohamed Kanj 2 , Samir Kapadia 2 , Brian Griffin 2 , Lars Svensson 7 , Patrick Collier 2, 5 , Feixiong Cheng 1, 5, 8
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in general population and the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer survivors after recurrent malignancy in the United States. The growing awareness of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) has led to an emerging field of cardio-oncology; yet, there is limited knowledge on how to predict which patients will experience adverse cardiac outcomes. We aimed to perform unbiased cardiac risk stratification for cancer patients using our large-scale, institutional electronic medical records. METHODS AND FINDINGS We built a large longitudinal (up to 22 years' follow-up from March 1997 to January 2019) cardio-oncology cohort having 4,632 cancer patients in Cleveland Clinic with 5 diagnosed cardiac outcomes: atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The entire population includes 84% white Americans and 11% black Americans, and 59% females versus 41% males, with median age of 63 (interquartile range [IQR]: 54 to 71) years old. We utilized a topology-based K-means clustering approach for unbiased patient-patient network analyses of data from general demographics, echocardiogram (over 25,000), lab testing, and cardiac factors (cardiac). We performed hazard ratio (HR) and Kaplan-Meier analyses to identify clinically actionable variables. All confounding factors were adjusted by Cox regression models. We performed random-split and time-split training-test validation for our model. We identified 4 clinically relevant subgroups that are significantly correlated with incidence of cardiac outcomes and mortality. Among the 4 subgroups, subgroup I (n = 625) has the highest risk of de novo CTRCD (28%) with an HR of 3.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.51 to 3.72). Patients in subgroup IV (n = 1,250) had the worst survival probability (HR 4.32, 95% CI 3.82 to 4.88). From longitudinal patient-patient network analyses, the patients in subgroup I had a higher percentage of de novo CTRCD and a worse mortality within 5 years after the initiation of cancer therapies compared to long-time exposure (6 to 20 years). Using clinical variable network analyses, we identified that serum levels of NT-proB-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) and Troponin T are significantly correlated with patient's mortality (NT-proBNP > 900 pg/mL versus NT-proBNP = 0 to 125 pg/mL, HR = 2.95, 95% CI 2.28 to 3.82, p < 0.001; Troponin T > 0.05 μg/L versus Troponin T ≤ 0.01 μg/L, HR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.34, p < 0.001). Study limitations include lack of independent cardio-oncology cohorts from different healthcare systems to evaluate the generalizability of the models. Meanwhile, the confounding factors, such as multiple medication usages, may influence the findings. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that the patient-patient network clustering methodology is clinically intuitive, and it allows more rapid identification of cancer survivors that are at greater risk of cardiac dysfunction. We believed that this study holds great promise for identifying novel cardiac risk subgroups and clinically actionable variables for the development of precision cardio-oncology.

中文翻译:

癌症患者的心脏风险分层:纵向患者网络分析。

背景技术在美国,心血管疾病是一般人群死亡的主要原因,并且是癌症幸存者死亡率和发病率仅次于复发性恶性肿瘤的第二大原因。对癌症治疗相关的心功能不全 (CTRCD) 的认识不断提高,催生了一个新兴的心脏肿瘤学领域;然而,关于如何预测哪些患者会出现不良心脏后果的知识有限。我们的目标是使用我们的大规模机构电子病历对癌症患者进行公正的心脏风险分层。方法和结果 我们建立了一个大型纵向(从 1997 年 3 月到 2019 年 1 月长达 22 年的随访)心脏肿瘤队列,其中有 4,632 名克利夫兰诊所的癌症患者,诊断出 5 种心脏结局:房颤、冠状动脉疾病、心力衰竭、心肌梗塞和中风。整个人口包括 84% 的美国白人和 11% 的美国黑人,以及 59% 的女性和 41% 的男性,中位年龄为 63 岁(四分位间距 [IQR]:54 至 71)岁。我们利用基于拓扑的 K 均值聚类方法对来自一般人口统计数据、超声心动图(超过 25,000)、实验室测试和心脏因素(心脏)的数据进行无偏见的患者网络分析。我们进行了风险比 (HR) 和 Kaplan-Meier 分析以确定临床上可操作的变量。所有混杂因素均通过 Cox 回归模型进行了调整。我们对我们的模型进行了随机分割和时间分割训练测试验证。我们确定了 4 个临床相关的亚组,这些亚组与心脏结局和死亡率的发生率显着相关。4个子组中,亚组 I (n = 625) 的新发 CTRCD 风险最高 (28%),HR 为 3.05(95% 置信区间 (CI) 2.51 至 3.72)。亚组 IV (n = 1,250) 中的患者生存概率最差 (HR 4.32,95% CI 3.82 至 4.88)。从纵向患者-患者网络分析来看,与长期暴露(6 至 20 年)相比,亚组 I 中的患者在癌症治疗开始后 5 年内的新发 CTRCD 百分比更高,死亡率更低。使用临床变量网络分析,我们发现 NT-proB 型利钠肽 (NT-proBNP) 和肌钙蛋白 T 的血清水平与患者死亡率显着相关(NT-proBNP > 900 pg/mL 对比 NT-proBNP = 0 至 125 pg/mL,HR = 2.95,95% CI 2.28 至 3.82,p < 0.001;肌钙蛋白 T > 0.05 μg/L 对比肌钙蛋白 T ≤ 0.01 μg/L,HR = 2.08,95% CI 1。83 至 2.34,p < 0.001)。研究局限性包括缺乏来自不同医疗保健系统的独立心脏肿瘤学队列来评估模型的普遍性。同时,混杂因素,如多种药物的使用,可能会影响研究结果。结论 在这项研究中,我们证明了患者-患者网络聚类方法在临床上是直观的,它可以更快速地识别出心脏功能障碍风险更高的癌症幸存者。我们相信,这项研究对于确定新的心脏风险亚组和临床可操作变量以促进精准心脏肿瘤学的发展具有很大的前景。研究局限性包括缺乏来自不同医疗保健系统的独立心脏肿瘤学队列来评估模型的普遍性。同时,混杂因素,如多种药物的使用,可能会影响研究结果。结论 在这项研究中,我们证明了患者-患者网络聚类方法在临床上是直观的,它可以更快速地识别出心脏功能障碍风险更高的癌症幸存者。我们相信,这项研究对于确定新的心脏风险亚组和临床可操作变量以促进精准心脏肿瘤学的发展具有很大的前景。研究局限性包括缺乏来自不同医疗保健系统的独立心脏肿瘤学队列来评估模型的普遍性。同时,混杂因素,如多种药物的使用,可能会影响研究结果。结论 在这项研究中,我们证明了患者-患者网络聚类方法在临床上是直观的,它可以更快速地识别出心脏功能障碍风险更高的癌症幸存者。我们相信,这项研究对于确定新的心脏风险亚组和临床可操作变量以促进精准心脏肿瘤学的发展具有很大的前景。我们证明了患者-患者网络聚类方法在临床上是直观的,它可以更快速地识别出心脏功能障碍风险更高的癌症幸存者。我们相信,这项研究对于确定新的心脏风险亚组和临床可操作变量以促进精准心脏肿瘤学的发展具有很大的前景。我们证明了患者-患者网络聚类方法在临床上是直观的,它可以更快速地识别出心脏功能障碍风险更高的癌症幸存者。我们相信,这项研究对于确定新的心脏风险亚组和临床可操作变量以促进精准心脏肿瘤学的发展具有很大的前景。
更新日期:2021-08-02
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