Background With every oil tanker comes the risk of an accident and oil spill. Sorbents are the most suitable means to remove oil spills. Aerogels as sorbents have high porosity and can be made from cellulose from paper waste. The literature does not distinguish between paper and cardboard as sources of cellulose aerogels and little is known about composites of cellulose aerogels consisting of cellulose fibres and chemically untreated, unprocessed fibres or particles of straw, wool, macroalgae or cellulose acetate from cigarette butts. In this study, the sorption properties for marine diesel oil and biodiesel of such aerogels and their regenerative capacity with bioethanol were investigated. Methods Cellulose aerogels were prepared from office paper and cardboard waste without and with chemically untreated algae, straw, wool and cellulose acetate as a composite by freeze drying. All samples were hydrophobised with methylsilane. The density to calculate the porosity and the contact angle were determined. Then the sorption capacity was determined over five cycles of sorption of oil and regeneration with bioethanol. Results The average contact angle of all samples was 125°, indicating hydrophobicity. Paper-based aerogels were found to consistently have higher sorption capacities for biodiesel, marine diesel oil and bioethanol than cardboard-based aerogels. In particular, the wool/cellulose aerogel composite was found to have better sorption capacity for biodiesel, marine diesel oil and bioethanol than all other samples. The cellulose acetate/cellulose aerogel composite showed significantly higher sorption capacities than the paper and cardboard control samples (highest value is 32.25 g g−1) only when first used as a sorbent for biodiesel, but with a rapid decrease in the following cycles.

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纤维素气凝胶复合材料作为吸油剂及其再生

背景 每艘油轮都有发生事故和漏油的风险。吸附剂是去除漏油的最合适的方法。作为吸附剂的气凝胶具有高孔隙率，可以由废纸中的纤维素制成。文献没有区分纸和纸板作为纤维素气凝胶的来源，而且对由纤维素纤维和未经化学处理、未经加工的纤维或秸秆、羊毛、大型藻类或来自烟头的醋酸纤维素颗粒组成的纤维素气凝胶复合材料知之甚少。在这项研究中，研究了这种气凝胶对船用柴油和生物柴油的吸附性能及其与生物乙醇的再生能力。方法 由办公用纸和纸板废料制备纤维素气凝胶，没有和含有未经化学处理的藻类、稻草、羊毛和醋酸纤维素通过冷冻干燥制成复合材料。所有样品都用甲基硅烷疏水化。确定用于计算孔隙率和接触角的密度。然后在油的吸附和生物乙醇再生的五个循环中确定吸附容量。结果所有样品的平均接触角为125°，表明具有疏水性。发现纸基气凝胶对生物柴油、船用柴油和生物乙醇的吸附能力始终高于纸板气凝胶。特别是，发现羊毛/纤维素气凝胶复合材料对生物柴油、船用柴油和生物乙醇的吸附能力优于所有其他样品。