The polar summer mesosphere is the Earth's coldest region, allowing the formation of mesospheric ice clouds. These ice clouds produce strong polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) that are used as tracers of mesospheric dynamics. Here, we report the first observations of extreme vertical drafts (50 ) in the mesosphere obtained from PMSE, characterized by velocities more than five standard deviations larger than the observed vertical wind variability. Using aperture synthesis radar imaging, the observed PMSE morphology resembles a solitary wave in a varicose mode, narrow along propagation (3–4 km) and elongated ( km) transverse to propagation direction, with a relatively large vertical extent (13 km). These spatial features are similar to previously observed mesospheric bores, but we observe only one crest with much larger vertical extent and higher vertical velocities.

中文翻译：

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极地夏季中间层极端垂直气流的雷达观测

极地夏季中间层是地球上最冷的区域，允许形成中间层冰云。这些冰云产生强烈的极地中间层夏季回波 (PMSE)，用作中间层动力学的示踪剂。在这里，我们报告了从 PMSE 获得的中间层极端垂直气流 ( 50 )的第一次观测，其特征是速度比观测到的垂直风变率大五个标准差。使用孔径合成雷达成像，观察到的 PMSE 形态类似于曲折模式的孤立波，沿传播方向窄（3-4 公里），横向拉长（公里），垂直范围相对较大（13 公里）。这些空间特征类似于先前观察到的中间层孔，但我们只观察到一个具有更大垂直范围和更高垂直速度的波峰。