Replenishment of tenocytes to the injury site is an ideal strategy to improve healing response and accelerate the tendon ECM regeneration. The present study focused on the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid hydrogel scaffold system poly(propylene-fumarate)-alginate-polyvinyl alcohol-acrylic acid (PAPA) using poly(propylene-fumarate) (PPF), alginate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylic acid and the in vitro investigation of bidirectional mobility of swine shoulder tenocytes (SST) for its potential application in rotator-cuff tendon regeneration. IR analysis revealed the presence of alginate, PPF and PVA segments on the surface, SEM and AFM analyses revealed the porous and nano-topographical features of PAPA, respectively, swelling was 712.6 ± 84.21% with the EWC (%) of 87.59 ± 1.26 having the diffusional exponent and swelling constant 0.551 and 1.8, respectively. PAPA was biodegradable, cytocompatible and supported long-term survival of SSTs. SEM imaging revealed the adhesion, colonization, and sheet formation of SSTs within the PAPA hydrogel network. The SSTs seeded on the PAPA scaffolds were peculiar for their bidirectional migration as the anterograde movement was completed in 9 days whereas the retrograde infiltration occurred up to the depth of 198 μm. These findings suggest the promising translational potential of PAPA scaffold system in the management of rotator cuff tendon injury.

中文翻译：

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有利于肌腱细胞双向迁移的混合互穿水凝胶网络用于肩袖肌腱再生

向损伤部位补充肌腱细胞是改善愈合反应和加速肌腱 ECM 再生的理想策略。本研究的重点是使用聚（富马酸丙烯）（PPF）、藻酸盐、聚乙烯醇（PVA）合成和表征混合水凝胶支架系统聚（丙烯-富马酸盐）-海藻酸盐-聚乙烯醇-丙烯酸（PAPA）和丙烯酸以及猪肩肌腱细胞（SST）双向流动性的体外研究，在肩袖肌腱再生中的潜在应用。IR 分析显示表面存在藻酸盐、PPF 和 PVA 片段，SEM 和 AFM 分析分别显示 PAPA 的多孔和纳米形貌特征，溶胀率为 712.6 ± 84.21%，EWC (%) 为 87.59 ± 1.26，具有扩散指数和膨胀常数 0。分别为 551 和 1.8。PAPA 是可生物降解的、细胞相容的并支持 SST 的长期存活。SEM 成像揭示了 PAPA 水凝胶网络内 SST 的粘附、定植和片层形成。播种在 PAPA 支架上的 SST 具有双向迁移的特点，因为顺行运动在 9 天内完成，而逆行浸润发生在 198 μm 的深度。这些发现表明 PAPA 支架系统在治疗肩袖肌腱损伤方面具有良好的转化潜力。播种在 PAPA 支架上的 SST 具有双向迁移的特点，因为顺行运动在 9 天内完成，而逆行浸润发生在 198 μm 的深度。这些发现表明 PAPA 支架系统在治疗肩袖肌腱损伤方面具有良好的转化潜力。播种在 PAPA 支架上的 SST 具有双向迁移的特点，因为顺行运动在 9 天内完成，而逆行浸润发生在 198 μm 的深度。这些发现表明 PAPA 支架系统在治疗肩袖肌腱损伤方面具有良好的转化潜力。