Neonatal anoxia is a well-known world health problem that results in neurodevelopmental deficits, such as sensory alterations that are observed in patients with cerebral palsy and autism disorder, for which oxygen deprivation is a risk factor. Nociceptive response, as part of the sensory system, has been reported as altered in these patients. To determine whether neonatal oxygen deprivation alters nociceptive sensitivity and promotes medium- and long-term inflammatory feedback in the central nervous system, Wistar rats of around 30 h old were submitted to anoxia (100% nitrogen flux for 25 min) and evaluated on PND23 (postpartum day) and PND90. The nociceptive response was assessed by mechanical, thermal, and tactile tests in the early postnatal and adulthood periods. The lumbar spinal cord (SC, L4–L6) motor neurons (MNs) and the posterior insular cortex neurons were counted and compared with their respective controls after anoxia. In addition, we evaluated the possible effect of anoxia on the expression of astrocytes in the SC at adulthood. The results showed increased nociceptive responses in both males and females submitted to anoxia, although these responses were different according to the nociceptive stimulus. A decrease in MNs in adult anoxiated females and an upregulation of GFAP expression in the SC were observed. In the insular cortex, a decrease in the number of cells of anoxiated males was observed in the neonatal period. Our findings suggest that oxygen-deprived nervous systems in rats may affect their response at the sensorimotor pathways and respective controlling centers with sex differences, which were related to the used stimulus.

中文翻译：

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新生儿缺氧增加大鼠的伤害性反应：性别差异和腰脊髓和岛叶改变

新生儿缺氧是一个众所周知的世界健康问题，会导致神经发育缺陷，例如在脑瘫和自闭症患者中观察到的感觉改变，其中缺氧是一个危险因素。据报道，作为感觉系统一部分的伤害性反应在这些患者中发生了改变。为了确定新生儿缺氧是否会改变伤害性敏感性并促进中枢神经系统的中长期炎症反馈，将约 30 小时大的 Wistar 大鼠置于缺氧状态（100% 氮通量，持续 25 分钟）并在 PND23 上进行评估。产后日）和PND90。在产后早期和成年期通过机械、热和触觉测试评估伤害性反应。腰脊髓（SC，L4-L6) 运动神经元 (MN) 和后岛叶皮层神经元在缺氧后与各自的对照进行计数并进行比较。此外，我们评估了成年期缺氧对 SC 中星形胶质细胞表达的可能影响。结果显示，男性和女性在缺氧时的伤害性反应都增加了，尽管这些反应根据伤害性刺激而有所不同。观察到成年缺氧女性中 MN 的减少和 SC 中 GFAP 表达的上调。在岛叶皮质中，在新生儿期观察到缺氧男性的细胞数量减少。我们的研究结果表明，大鼠缺氧的神经系统可能会影响它们在感觉运动通路和具有性别差异的相应控制中心的反应，