Abstract. With the rising food demands from the future world population, more intense agricultural activities are expected to cause substantial perturbations to the global nitrogen cycle, aggravating surface air pollution and imposing stress on terrestrial ecosystems. Much less studied, however, is how the terrestrial ecosystem changes induced by agricultural nitrogen deposition may modify biosphere-atmosphere exchange and further exert secondary feedback effects on global air quality. Here we examined the responses of surface ozone air quality to terrestrial ecosystem changes caused by 2000-to-2050 changes in agricultural ammonia emission and the subsequent nitrogen deposition by asynchronously coupling between the land and atmosphere components within the Community Earth System Model framework. We found that global gross primary production is enhanced by 2.1 Pg C yr⁻¹ following a 20 % (20 Tg N yr⁻¹) increase in global nitrogen deposition by the end of year 2050 in response to rising agricultural ammonia emission. Leaf area index was simulated to be higher by up to 0.3–0.4 m² m⁻² over most tropical grasslands and croplands, and 0.1–0.2 m² m⁻² across boreal and temperate forests at midlatitudes. Around 0.1–0.4 m increases in canopy height were found in boreal and temperate forests, and ~0.1 m increases in tropical grasslands and croplands. We found that these vegetation changes could lead to surface ozone changes by ~0.5 ppbv when prescribed meteorology was used (i.e., large-scale meteorological responses to terrestrial changes were not allowed), while surface ozone could typically be modified by 2–3 ppbv when meteorology was dynamically simulated in response to vegetation changes. Rising soil NO_x emission from 7.9 to 8.7 Tg N yr⁻¹ could enhance surface ozone by 2–3 ppbv with both prescribed and dynamic meteorology. We thus conclude that following enhanced nitrogen deposition, the modification of the meteorological environment induced by vegetation changes and soil biogeochemical changes are the more important pathways that can modulate future ozone pollution, representing a novel linkage between agricultural activities and ozone air quality.

中文翻译：

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通过陆地生态系统变化，地表臭氧对未来农业氨排放和随后的氮沉降的响应

摘要。随着未来世界人口对食物的需求不断增加，预计更密集的农业活动将对全球氮循环造成重大干扰，加剧地表空气污染并对陆地生态系统造成压力。然而，研究较少的是农业氮沉降引起的陆地生态系统变化如何改变生物圈-大气交换并进一步对全球空气质量产生二次反馈效应。在这里，我们通过社区地球系统模型框架内的土地和大气成分之间的异步耦合，研究了地表臭氧空气质量对 2000 年至 2050 年农业氨排放变化和随后的氮沉降引起的陆地生态系统变化的响应。^-1在到 2050 年底全球氮沉降增加20 % (20 Tg N yr ^-1 ) 以应对农业氨排放量增加。叶面积指数被模拟为达到更高0.3-0.4米² 米^-2在大部分热带草地和农田，和0.1-0.2米² 米^-2跨越中纬度的寒带和温带森林。在寒带和温带森林中发现冠层高度增加了约 0.1-0.4 m，在热带草原和农田中增加了约 0.1 m。我们发现，当使用规定的气象学（即不允许对陆地变化进行大规模气象响应）时，这些植被变化可能导致地表臭氧变化约 0.5 ppbv，而当气象是根据植被变化动态模拟的。上升土壤NO _X排放从7.9到8.7的TgÑ年^-1可以通过规定和动态气象将地表臭氧提高 2-3 ppbv。因此，我们得出结论，在氮沉降增强之后，植被变化和土壤生物地球化学变化引起的气象环境的改变是调节未来臭氧污染的更重要途径，代表了农业活动与臭氧空气质量之间的新联系。