Neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the body, is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts on the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, and nervous systems. NPY affects the nutritional and inflammatory microenvironments through its interaction with immune cells, brain-derived trophic factor (BDNF), and angiogenesis promotion to maintain body homeostasis. Additionally, NPY has great potential for therapeutic applications against various diseases, especially as an adjuvant therapy for stem cells. In this review, we discuss the research progress regarding NPY, as well as the current evidence for the regulation of NPY in each microenvironment, and provide prospects for further research on related diseases.

中文翻译：

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身体微环境中神经肽Y的调节及其在治疗中的潜在应用：综述

神经肽Y（NPY）是体内含量最丰富的神经肽之一，在中枢和外周神经系统中广泛表达，作用于心血管、消化、内分泌和神经系统。NPY 通过与免疫细胞、脑源性营养因子 (BDNF) 和促进血管生成的相互作用来影响营养和炎症微环境，以维持身体稳态。此外，NPY 在治疗各种疾病方面具有巨大潜力，尤其是作为干细胞的辅助治疗。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 NPY 的研究进展，以及目前在每个微环境中调控 NPY 的证据，并为相关疾病的进一步研究提供了前景。