Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease of unknown cause which disrupts the normal lung architecture and functions by deregulating immune responses and ultimately leads to the death of the individual. A number of factors can lead to its development and currently there is no cure for this disease. There are synthetic drugs available to relieve the symptoms and decelerate its development by targeting pathways involved in the development of IPF, but there had also been various side effects detected by their usage. It is known since decades that medicinal plants and their compounds have been used all over the world in natural medicines to cure various diseases. This review article is focused on the effects of various natural bioactive compounds of 26 plant extracts that show prophylactic and therapeutic properties against the disease and so can be used in treating IPF replacing synthetic drugs and reducing the side effects. This review includes different mechanisms that cause pulmonary fibrosis along with compounds that can induce fibrosis, drugs used for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, diagnosis, the biochemical tests used for the experimental study to determine the pathogenesis of disease with a special note on Isoquinoline alkaloids and their role in reducing various factors leading to IPF thus providing promising therapeutic approach.

中文翻译：

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药用植物生物活性化合物治疗特发性肺纤维化的重要性综述（特别强调异喹啉生物碱）

特发性肺纤维化 (IPF) 是一种原因不明的致命肺部疾病，它通过解除免疫反应的调节破坏正常的肺结构和功能，并最终导致个体死亡。许多因素可能导致其发展，目前还没有治愈这种疾病的方法。有一些合成药物可以通过靶向与 IPF 发展相关的途径来缓解症状并减缓其发展，但在使用它们时也发现了各种副作用。几十年来，众所周知，药用植物及其化合物已在世界各地用于天然药物中以治疗各种疾病。这篇综述文章的重点是 26 种植物提取物的各种天然生物活性化合物，它们对疾病具有预防和治疗特性，因此可用于治疗 IPF，替代合成药物并减少副作用。本综述包括导致肺纤维化的不同机制以及可诱发纤维化的化合物、用于治疗肺纤维化的药物、诊断、用于确定疾病发病机制的实验研究的生化测试，特别是异喹啉生物碱和它们在减少导致 IPF 的各种因素中的作用，从而提供有希望的治疗方法。